Chapter 6 - The Cardiorespiratory, Endocrine, and Digestive Systems Flashcards
Define the cardiorespiratory system
A system of the body composed of two closely related systems that work together to provide the body with adequate oxygen and nutrients and to remove waste products such as CO2 from cells in the body.
Specifically:
-The cardiovascular system consisting of the heart, blood vessels, and blood
and
-The respiratory system consisting of trachea, bronchi, alveoli, and the lungs
Define the cardiovascular system
A system of the body composed of the heart, blood, and blood vessels that transport the blood from the heart to the tissues of the body.
Define the heart
A hollow muscular organ that pumps a circulation of blood through the body by means of rhythmic contraction.
What are intercalated discs, where are they located, what is their function?
- Dark bands between cardiac muscle cells
- Help hold muscle cells together during contraction and create an electrical connection between the cells that allows the heart to contract as one functional unit.
Define mediastinum
The space in the chest between the lungs that contains all the internal organ of the chest except the lungs.
Sinoatrial (SA) node
A specialized area of cardiac tissue, located in the right atrium of the heart, which initiates the electrical impulses that determine the heart rate; often termed the pacemaker for the heart.
Atrioventricular (AV) node
A small mass of specialized cardiac muscle fibers, located in the wall of the right atrium of the heart, that receives heartbeat impulses from the sinoatrial node and directs them to the walls of the ventricles.
What is the atrium, where is it located, what it its function?
Describe right vs. left functions.
- Smaller chambers, located in the superior (on top) chamber on either side of the heart that acts like a reservoir by receiving blood from the veins and forcing it into the ventricles.
- Right atrium: gathers deoxygenated blood returning to the heart from the entire body
- Left atrium: gathers oxygenated blood coming to the heart from the lungs.
What are ventricles, where are they located, what is its function? Describe the right vs. left functions.
Larger chambers located inferiorly (on bottom) on either side of the heart that receives blood from its corresponding atrium and, in turn, forces blood into the arteries.
- Right ventricle: has thin walls and pumps under low pressure b/c it only has to pump a short distance (to the lungs). Receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium, then pumps it to the lungs to be saturated with incoming oxygen.
- Left ventricle: has thicker walls and pumps under high pressure b/c it pumps blood out to the rest of the body. Receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium and proceeds to pump it to the entire body.
What are the two pumps in the heart separated by?
- Interatrial septum (separates the atria)
2. Interventricular septum (separates the ventricles)
Which side of the heart is the pulmonary side? Why?
- The right side.
- It receives blood from the body that is low in O2, and high in CO2 (deoxygenated) and pumps it to the lungs and then back to the left atria.
Which side of the heart is the systemic side? Why?
- The left side.
- It pumps blood high in O2 and low in CO2 (oxygenated) to the rest of the body.
What are the two types of valves called that prevent backflow or spillage of blood back into the heart chambers.
- Atrioventricular valves (tricuspid and mitral valves)
2. Semilunar valves (pulmonary and aortic valves)
Stroke volume
The amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each contraction.
What does end-diastolic volume (EDV) mean?
The filled volume of the ventricle before contraction.
Contains approximately 120mL of blood.
What does end-systolic volume (ESV) mean?
The residual volume of blood remaining in the ventricle after ejection.
Contains approximately 50mL of blood.