Chapter 6 Terms Flashcards
alienation
a condition of estrangement or dissociation from the surronding society
bureaucracy
a component of formal organization that uses rules and hierachical ranking to acheive efficiency
classical theory
the approach to the study of formal organizations that views workers as being motivated almost entirely by economic rewards
bureaucratization
the process by which the group, organization, or social movement becomes increasingly bureacratic
coalition
a temporary or permanent alliance geared toward a common goal
dyad
a two-member group
focus group
a carefully selected discussion group led by trained moderator
formal organization
a group designed for a special purpose and structured for maximum efficiency
goal displacement
overzealous conformity to official regulations of a bureacracy
group
any number of people with simlar norms, values, and expectations who interact with one another on a regular basis
grouplink
uncritical acceptance of or conformity to the prevailing view point
human relations approach
an approach to the study of formal organizations that emphasizes the role of people, communication, and participation in a bureacracy and tends to focus on the informal structure of the organization
ideal type
a construct or model for evaluating specific cases
in-group
any group of category to which people feel they belong
iron law of oligarchy
a principle of organizational life under which even a democratic organization will eventually develop into a bureacracy ruled by few individuals
labor union
organized workers who share either the same skill or the same employer
mcdonaldization
the process by which the principles of the fast-food restaurant are coming to dominate more and more sectors of American society as well as of the rest of the world
out-group
a group or category to which people feel they do not belong
peter principle
a principle of organizational life according to which every employee within a hierarchy tends to rise to his or her level of incompetence
primary group
a small group characterized by intimate, face to face association and cooperation
reference group
any group that individuals use as a standard for evaluating themselves and their own behavior
scientific management approach
another name for the classical theory of formal organization
secondary group
a formal, impersonal group in which their is little social intimacy or mutual understanding
small group
a group small enough for all members to interact simultaneously – that is, to talk with one another or at least be well acquainted
telecommuter
an employee who works full time or part time at home rather than in an outside office, and who is linked to supervisor and colleagues through phone lies, Wi-Fi, the internet, and smartphones
trained incapacity
the tendency of workers in a bureacracy to become so specialized that they develop blind spots and fail to notice obvious problems
triad
a three member group
