Chapter 6 - Television and Cable Flashcards
Analog
In television, standard broadcast signals made of radio waves (replaced by digital standards in 2009)
Digital
In television, the type of signals that are transmitted as binary code.
Prime Time
In television programming, the hours between 8 and 11 PM ( or 7 and 10 PM in the Midwest), when networks have traditionally drawn their largest audiences and charged their highest advertising rates.
Network Era
The period in television history, roughly from the mid-1950s to the late 1970s, that refers to the dominance of the Big Three networks - ABC, CBS, and NBC - over programming and prime-time viewing habits; the era began eroding with a decline in viewing and with the development of VCR’s, cable, and new TV networks.
CATV
An early cable system that originated where mountains or tall buildings blocked TV signals; because of early technical and regulatory limits, CATV contained only twelve channels.
Narrowcasting
Any specialized electronic programming or media channel aimed at a target audience.
Basic Cable
In cable programming, a tier of channels composed of local broadcast signals, non broadcast access channels (for local government, education, and general public use), a few regional PBS stations, and a variety of cable channels downlinked from communication satellites.
Superstations
Local independent TV stations, such as WTBS in Atlanta or WGN in Chicago, that have uplinked their signals onto a communication satellite to make themselves available nationwide.
Premium Channels
In cable programming, a tier of channels that subscribers can order at an additional monthly fee over their basic cable service; these may include movie channels and interactive services.
Pay-Per-View (PPV)
A cable-television service that allows customers to select a particular movie for a fee, or to pay $25 to $40 for a special one-time event.
Video-on-Demand (VOD)
Cable television technology that enables viewers to instantly order programming such as movies to be digitally delivered to their sets.
Direct Broadcasting Satellite (DBS)
A satellite-based service that for a monthly fee downlinks hundreds of satellite channels and services; DBS began distributing video programming directly to households in 1994.
Time Shifting
The process whereby television viewers record shows and watch them later, when it is convenient for them.
Third Screens
The computer-type screens on which consumers can view television, movies, music, newspapers, and books.
Fourth-Screens
Technologies like smartphones, iPod, iPads, and mobileTV devices that are forcing major changes in consumer viewing habits and media content creation.
Kinescope
Before the days of videotape, a 1950s technique for preserving television broadcasts by using a film camera to record a live TV show off of a studio monitor.
Sketch Comedy
Short television comedy skits that are usually segments of TV variety shows; sometimes known as vaudeo, the marriage of vaudeville and video.
Situation Comedy
A type of comedy series that features a recurring cast and set as well as several narrative scenes; each episode establishes a situation, complicates it, develops increasing confusion among its characters, and then resolves the complications.
Domestic Comedy
A TV hybrid of the sitcom in which characters and settings are usually more important than complicated situations; it generally features a domestic problem or work issue that characters have to solve.
Anthology Dramas
A popular form of early TV programming that brought live dramatic theater to television; influenced by stage plays, anthologies offered new teleplays, casts, directors, writers, and sets from week to week.
Episodic Series
A narrative form well suited to television because the main characters appear every week, sets and locals remain the same, and technical crews stay with the program; episodic series feature new adventure each week, but a handful of characters emerge with whom viewers can regularly identify (for contrast see chapter show)
Chapter Show
In television production, any situation comedy or dramatic program whose narrative structure includes self-contained stories that feature a problem, a series of conflicts, and a resolution from week to week (for contrast, see serial program and episodic series).
Serial Programs
A radio or TV program, such as a soap opera, that features continuing story lines from day to day or week to week (for contrast see chapter show).
Affiliate Stations
A radio or TV station that, though independently owned, signs a contract to be part of a network and receives money to carry the network’s programs; in exchange, the network reserves time slots, which it sells to national advertisers.
Prime Rime Access Rules (PTAR)
An FCC regulation that reduced networks control of prime-time programming to encourage more local news and public-affair programs, often between 6 and 7 PM.