Chapter 4 - Sound Recording and Popular Music

Question 1

Audiotape

Answer 1

lightweight magnetized strands of ribbon that make possible sounds editing and multiple-track mixing; instrumentals or vocals can be recorded at one location and later mixed onto a master recording in another studio.

Question 2

Stereo

Answer 2

The recording of two separate channels or tracks of sound

Question 3

Analog Recording

Answer 3

A recording that is made from the fluctuations of the original sound waves and storing those signals on records or cassettes as a continuous stream of magnetism -analogous to the actual sound.

Question 4

Digital Recording

Answer 4

Music recorded and played back by laserbeam rather than by needle or magnetic tape.

Question 5

Compact Discs (CDs)

Answer 5

Playback-only storage discs for music that incorporate pure and very precise digital techniques, thus elliminating noise during recording and editing sessions.

Question 6

MP3

Answer 6

Short for MPEG-1 Layer 3, and advanced type of audio compression that reduces file size, enabling auto to be easily distributed over the Internet and to be digitally transmitted in real time.

Question 7

Pop Music

Answer 7

Popular music that appeals to a wide cross-section of the public or to sizable subdivisions within the larger public based on age, region, or ethnic background; the word pop has also been used as a label to distinguish popular music from classical music.

Question 8

Jazz

Answer 8

And improvisational and mostly instrumental musical form that absorbs and integrates diverse body of musical styles , including African rhythms, blues, big band, and gospel.

Question 9

Cover Music

Answer 9

Songs recorded or performed by musicians who did not originally write or perform the music; in the 1950s, some white producers and artists capitalized on popular songs by black artists by “covering” them.

Question 10

Rock and Roll

Answer 10

Music that mixes the African-American influences of urban blues, gospel, and R&B with the white influences of country, folk, and pop vocals.

Question 11

Blues

Answer 11

Originally a kind of black folk music, this music emerged as a distinct category in the 1900s; it was influenced by African-American spirituals, ballads, and work songs in the rural south, and by urban guitar and vocal solos from the 1930s and 1940s.

Question 12

Rhythm and Blues (R&B)

Answer 12

Music that merges urban blues with big-band sounds.

Question 13

Rockability

Answer 13

Music that mixes bluegrass and country influences with those of black folk music and early amplified blues.

Question 14

Soul

Answer 14

Music that mixes gospel, blues, and urban and southern black styles with slower, more emotional, and melancholic lyrics.

Question 15

Folk Music

Answer 15

Music performed by untrained musicians and passed down through oral traditions; it encompasses a wide range of music, from Appalachian fiddle tunes to an accordion-led zydeco of Louisiana

Question 16

Folk-Rock

Answer 16

Amplified folk music, often featuring politically overt lyrics; influenced by rock and roll.

Question 17

Punk Rock

Answer 17

Rock music the challenges the orthodoxy and commercialism of the recording business; it is characterized by loud, unpolished qualities, a jackhammer beat, primal vocal screams, crude aggression, and defiant or comic lyrics.

Question 18

Grunge

Answer 18

Rock music that takes the spirit of punk and infuses it with more attention to melody.

Question 19

Alternative Rock

Answer 19

Nonmainstream rock music, which includes many types of experimental music and some forms of punk and grunge.

Question 20

Hip-Hop

Answer 20

Music the combines spoken street dialect with cuts (or samples) from older records and bears the influences of social politics, male boasting, and comic lyrics carried forward from blues, R&B, soul, and rock and roll.

Question 21

Gangster Rap

Answer 21

A style of rap music that depicts the hardships of urban life and sometimes glorifies the violent style of street gangs.

Question 22

Oligopoly

Answer 22

In media economics, an organizational structure in which few firms control most of an industry’s production and distribution resources.

Question 23

Indies

Answer 23

Independent music and film production houses that work outside industry oligopolies; they often produce less mainstream music and film.

Question 24

A&R (Artist & Repertoire) Agents

Answer 24

Talent scouts of the music business who discover, develop, and sometimes manage performers.

Question 25

Online Piracy

Answer 25

The illegal uploading, downloading, or streaming of copyrighted material, such as music or movies.