CHapter 6 Target Setting Flashcards

1
Q

Prevalence of targets

A
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2
Q

Hurdle Bonus

A

threshold is reached (target or a certain percentage of the target).

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3
Q

Ratched effect

A
  • Targets are revised based on past performance.
  • Target revisions upwards (downwards) reduce (increase) the likelihood of achieving the revised target.
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4
Q

Goal setting theory

A
  • Formulated inductively, largely on the basis of empirical research conducted.
  • Goal: object or aim of an action, e.g., to attain a specific standard or proficiency, usually within a specified time limit.
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5
Q

Specific (difficult) goals vs. common exhortations (“Work hard! Do your best.”):

A

Specific difficult goals lead to a higher performance than urging people to do their best.
- Do-your-best-goals have no external benchmark and lead to a wide range of acceptable performance
levels.
- This is not the case when the goal is specified.

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6
Q

Goals direct attention and effort towards goal-relevant activities and away from goal-irrelevant activities.

A

Effort-directing effect.

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7
Q

Goals have an energizing function: High goals lead to greater effort than low goals:

A
  • Physical effort.
  • Repeated performance of simple cognitive tasks.
  • Measurements of subjective effort.
  • Physiological indicators of effort.
    Þ Effort-increasing effect.
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8
Q

Goals affect persistence: Hard goals prolong the time spent on the task.

A

Þ Effort-persistence effect.

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9
Q

Key categories of factors improving goal commitment:

A

Factors that make goal attainment important (importance).
- Public commitment
- Vision(leadership)
- Participation
- Rationale

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10
Q

Factors that lead people to believe that they can attain the goal (self-efficacy).

A
  • Training
  • Communication
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