Chapter 6: Specimen collection

Question 1

types of blood specimen

Answer 1

arobic and anaerobic bottles

Question 2

how to take blood specimen

Answer 2

scrub with 70%alcohol
apply 2% iodine in concentric circles
bottle tops can be cleaned before inoculation

Question 3

how to collect specimen from upper respiratory tract

Answer 3

swab then agar plates

Question 4

how to collect specimen from lower respiratory tract

Answer 4

bronchoalveolar lavage
bronchial washes
transtracheal aspirate

Question 5

how to collect genital specimen

Answer 5

upper: aspiration or biopsy
lower: swab
urine: chlamydia

Question 6

how to take a specimen for STDs

Answer 6

males:
urethra collection of the exudate
urine for chlamydia

Question 7

stool specimen container

Answer 7

widemouth, clean and tight fitting lid

rectal swabs used for MRSA

Question 8

wound and soft tissue specimen taking

Answer 8

aspirate the disinfected site

Question 9

how to take a urine sample

Answer 9

clean urethra
take the midstream
transport tube with preservative

other routs are
catheter collected sample and
suprapubic aspirates

Question 10

how to collect CSF specimen

Answer 10

percutaneous needle aspiration

Question 11

fungal specimen collection

Answer 11

skin scrapings with scalpel
plucked hairs
nail scrapping

subcutaneous:
pus and exudate drained from lesion
biopsy

systemic:
blood and bone marrow
sputum
body fluids

Question 12

parasite collection

Answer 12

fecal:
3 stool samples
commercially transport systems

pinworms specimen are collected on swab
sticky tape
paddle

urine
blood: capillary blood
thick and thin blood smear

Question 13

viral specimen collection

Answer 13

collection during acute phase
antibiotics used in the transport media
immediate transportation to lab, otherwise refrigeration (if the delay is more than 3 days then freeze -70 C)
secure cap containers
sterile saline precleaning of lesion and collection swabs
vesicular fluid plus syringe and needle in the same sterile container

Question 14

mycobacterium specimen collection

Answer 14

sputum and bronchoscopic collection in sterile containers (at least 2, deep cough specimens, collection in separate containers)
body fluids: aspirates
fresh stool collection

three culture methods:
blood inoculated into bottles of culture medium
blood into tube containing anticoagulant and chemicals that lyse the blood cells
biphasic media (solid and liquid)

Question 15

anaerobic specimen collection

Answer 15

systems comprised of tube, oxygen free container that contains pre-reduced, anaerobically sterilized media (PRAS)

examples of appropriate specimens
purulent draingage from soft tissue
biopsy
aspirated material from abcesses 
nonurin aspirated biological fluids
blood and bile

Question 16

factors affecting the detection and recovery of microbial pathogens from specimens include:

Answer 16

transit time
storage temperature
sampling technique

Question 17

whats the specimen of choice in case of pharyngitis

Answer 17

swab of the throat exudate

Question 18

microbiology lab received a fresh stool sample labeled “stool for pinworm” what should you do with the sample?

Answer 18

reject, not appropriate way of specimen

need a tape/swab/paddle

Question 19

worker suspected of being exposed to an aerosolized category A biological threat agent within the last 36h. what should be done next

Answer 19

blood swab and sputum