Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psych 250 > Chapter 6: Socioemotional Development in Little People > Flashcards

Chapter 6: Socioemotional Development in Little People Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Emotion

A

Feeling, or affect, that occurs when a person is in a state or interaction that is important to him or her

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Emotions play important roles in:

A
  • Communication with others

- Behavioral organization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Emotions play important roles in:

A
  • Communication with others

- Behavioral organization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Biological and environmental influences:

A
  • Certain brain regions play a role in emotions (brain stem, hippocampus, amygdala)
  • Emotion-linked interchanges provide the foundation for the infant’s developing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Continued:

A
  • Social relationships provide the setting for the development of a rich variety of emotions
  • Relationships and culture provide diversity in emotional experiences
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Early emotions

A
  • Primary emotions

- Self-conscious emotions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Primary emotions

A

Present in humans and other animals and emerge early in life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Self-conscious emotions

A

Require self-awareness, especially consciousness and a sense of “me”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Emotional expression and social relationships:

A
  • Crying
  • Smiling
  • Fear
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Crying

A
  • Basic cry
  • Anger cry
  • Pain cry
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Basic cry

A

Rhythmic pattern usually consisting of:

  • a cry
  • briefer silence
  • shorter inspiratory whistle that is higher pitched than the main cry
  • brief rest before the next cry
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Anger cry

A

Variation of the basic cry, with more excess air forced through the vocal cords

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pain cry

A

Sudden long, initial loud cry followed by breath holding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Smiling

A
  • Reflexive smile

- Social smile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Reflexive smile

A

Smile that does not occur in response to external stimui

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Social smile

A

In response to an external stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Fear

A
  • Stranger anxiety

- Separation protest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Stranger anxiety

A

Fear and wariness of strangers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Separation protest

A

Distressed crying when the caregiver leaves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Emotional regulation and coping

A
  • Caregivers’ actions and contexts can influence emotional regulations
  • Soothing a crying infant helps infants develop a sense of trust and secure attachment to the caregiver
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Temperament

A

Individual differences in behavioral styles, emotions, and characteristic ways of responding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Describing and classifying temperament

A

Chess and Thomas’ classification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Chess and Thomas’ classification

A
  • Easy child
  • Difficult child
  • Slow-to-warm-up child
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Easy child

A

Generally in a positive mood

  • Quickly establishes regular routines in infancy
  • Adapts easily to new experiences
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Difficult child

A

React negatively and cries frequently

  • Engages in irregular daily routines
  • Slow to accept change
26
Q

Slow-to-warm-up child

A

Low activity level

  • Somewhat negative
  • Displays a low intensity of mood
27
Q

Rothbart and Bates’ classification

A
  • Extraversion/surgency
  • Negative affectivity
  • Effortful control
28
Q

Biological foundations and experience

A
  • Biological influences
    1. Contemporary view-Temperament is a biologically based but evolving aspect of behavior
  • Gender, culture, and temperament
    1. Parents may react differently to an infant’s temperament depending on gender
    2. Cultural differences in temperament were linked to parents attitude and behaviors
29
Q

Biological foundations and experience

A
  • Biological influences
    1. Contemporary view-Temperament is a biologically based but evolving aspect of behavior
  • Gender, culture, and temperament
    1. Parents may react differently to an infant’s temperament depending on gender
    2. Cultural differences in temperament were linked to parents attitude and behaviors
30
Q

Goodness of fit

A

Match between a child’s temperament and the environmental demands the child must cope with

31
Q

Personality Development

A
  • Trust
  • Developing sense of self
  • Independence
    1. Autonomy versus shame and doubt
32
Q

Social Orientation (Understanding)

A

face-to-face play

  • Locomotion
  • Intention and goal-directed behavior
33
Q

Social referencing

A

Reading emotional cues in others to help determine how to act in a particular situation
-Infants’ social sophistication and insight

34
Q

Attachment

A

Close emotional bond between two people

35
Q

Freud (Attachment)

A

Infants become attached to the person that provides oral satisfaction

36
Q

Harlow (Attachment)

A

Contact comfort preferred over food

37
Q

Erikson (Attachment)

A

Trust arises from physical comfort and sensitive care

38
Q

Four phases of Attachment (Bowlby)

A
  • Attachment to human figures
  • Focus on one figure
  • Specific attachments develop
  • Become aware of others’ feelings
39
Q

Strange situation

A

Observational measure of infant attachment

40
Q

Requires the infant to move through a series of:

A
  • Introductions
  • Separations
  • Reunions with the caregiver and an adult stranger in a prescribed order
41
Q

Securely attached babies

A

Use the caregiver as a secure base from which to explore the environment

42
Q

Insecure avoidant babies

A

Avoiding the caregiver

43
Q

Insecure resistant babies

A

Cling to the caregiver, then resist the caregiver by fighting against the closeness

44
Q

Insecure disorganized babies

A

Being disorganized and disoriented

45
Q

Interpreting differences in attachment

A

Developmental cascade model

46
Q

Developmental cascade model

A

Involves connections across domains over time that influence developmental pathways and outcomes

47
Q

Caregiving Styles and Attachment

A

Maternal sensitivity linked to secure attachment

48
Q

Caregivers of insecurely attached infants tend to be:

A
  • Rejecting
  • Inconsistent
  • Abusive
49
Q

Developmental Social Neuroscience and Attachment

A

Connections of attachment and the brain involve:

  1. Neuroanatomy of the brain
  2. Neurotransmitters
  3. Hormones
50
Q

Continued

A

Important role in maternal attachment behavior

  1. Prefrontal cortex
  2. Subcortical regions of the amygdala
  3. Hypothalamus
51
Q

Continued

A

Role of hormones and neurotransmitters

-Emphasized the importance of oxytocin and vasopressin

52
Q

Social Contexts

A

Family

Child care

53
Q

Family

A
  • Constellation of subsystems

- Transition to parenthood

54
Q

Transition to parenthood

A
  • Infant care competes with parents’ other interests

- Overall increase in marital satisfaction

55
Q

Reciprocal Socialization

A

Bidirectional:

Children socialize parents, just as parents socialize children

56
Q

Scaffolding

A

Parents time interactions so that infants experience turn taking

57
Q

Managing and guiding infants’ behavior

A
  • Being proactive and childproofing the environment

- Engaging in corrective methods

58
Q

Maternal and paternal caregiving

A
  • Maternal interactions center on child-care activities like feeding, changing diapers, and bathing
  • Paternal interactions tend to be play-centered
59
Q

Child care

A

Parental leave

60
Q

Variations in child care

A

Factors that influence the effects are:

  • Age of child
  • Type of child care
  • Quality of the program
61
Q

Strategies parents can follow:

A
  1. Quality of parenting is a key factor in child’s development
  2. Monitor child’s development
  3. Take some time to find the best child care

Psych 250 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions