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Psych 250 > Chapter 10: Socioemotional Development in Middle and Late Childhood > Flashcards

Chapter 10: Socioemotional Development in Middle and Late Childhood Flashcards

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1
Q

The Self

A
  • The development of self understanding
  • Understanding others
  • Self-esteem and self-concept
  • Self-efficacy
  • Self regulation
  • Industry vs inferiority
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2
Q

The development of self understanding

A
  • Describe themselves in terms of psychological characteristics and traits
  • Children recognize social aspects of the self
  • Social comparison increases
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3
Q

Understanding others

A
  • Perspective taking

- Children become skeptical of others’ claims

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4
Q

Perspective taking

A

Ability to assume other people’s perspectives and understand their thoughts and feelings

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5
Q

Self-esteem

A

Global evaluations of the self

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6
Q

Self-concept

A

Domain-specific evaluations of the self

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7
Q

Self-efficacy

A

Belief that one can master a situation and produce favorable outcomes

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8
Q

Self-regulation

A

Deliberate efforts to manage one’s behavior, emotions, and thoughts leading to increased social competence and achievement

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9
Q

Industry vs Inferiority

A

Industry: Children become interested in how things work
Inferiority: Parents who see their children’s efforts as mischief may encourage inferiority

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10
Q

Emotional Development

A
  • Developmental changes

- Coping with stress

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11
Q

Developmental changes

A
  • Improved emotional understanding
  • Emotional awareness
  • Negative emotional reactions
  • Redirecting feelings
  • Empathy
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12
Q

Coping with stress

A
  • Older children generate more coping alternatives to stressful situations
  • Outcomes for children who experience disasters
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13
Q

Moral Development

A
  • Influences on Kohlberg’s test
  • Kohlberg’s Level 1: Preconventional Reasoning
  • Kohlberg’s Level 2: Conventional Reasoning
  • Kohlberg’s Level 3: Postconventional Reasoning
  • Kohlberg’s critics
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14
Q

Influences on Kohlberg’s stages

A
  • Cognitive development
  • Experiences dealing with moral questions/conflicts
  • Peer interaction and perspective taking are crucial
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15
Q

Kohlberg’s Level 1: Preconventional Reasoning

A
  • Stage 1: Heteronomous morality

- Stage 2: Individualism, instrumental purpose, and exchange

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16
Q

Kohlberg’s Level 2: Conventional Reasoning

A

Stage 3: Mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and interpersonal conformity

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17
Q

Kohlberg’s Level 3: Postconventional Reasoning

A
  • Stage 5: Social contract or utility and individual rights

- Stage 6: Universal ethical principles

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18
Q

Kohlberg’s critics

A
  • Moral thought and behavior
  • Too much emphasis on thought, not enough emphasis on behavior
  • Culture and moral reasoning
  • Theory is culturally biased
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19
Q

Emotional and Personality Development

A
  • Kohlberg’s critics
  • Gender and the care perspective
  • Domain theory of moral development
  • Social conventional reasoning
  • Prosocial behavior
  • Moral personality
  • Gender
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20
Q

Kohlberg’s critics

A

Families and moral development

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21
Q

Gender and care perspective

A
  • Justice perspective

- Care perspective

22
Q

Justice perspective

A

Focuses on the rights of the individual and in which individuals independently make moral decisions

23
Q

Care perspective

A

Views people in terms of their connectedness with others

-Emphasizes interpersonal communication, relationships with others, and concern for others

24
Q

Domain theory of moral development

A

Different domains of social knowledge and reasoning

-Moral, social conventional, and personal domains

25
Q

Social conventional reasoning

A

Focuses on conventional rules that have been established by social consensus to control behavior and maintain the social system

26
Q

Prosocial behavior

A

Behavioral aspects of moral development

27
Q

Moral personality

A

Three possible components:

  1. Moral identity
  2. Moral character
  3. Moral exemplars
28
Q

Gender similarities and differences

A
  • Physical development
  • Cognitive development
  • Socioemotional development
29
Q

Gender role classification

A

-Androgyny

30
Q

Androgyny

A

Presence of positive masculine and feminine traits in the same person
-Androgynous individuals are more flexible, competent, and mentally healthy

31
Q

Gender in context

A

Traits people display may vary with the situation

32
Q

Families

A
  • Developmental changes in parent-child relationships
  • Parents as managers
  • Attachment
  • Stepfamilies
33
Q

Developmental changes in parent-child relationships

A
  • Parents spend less time with children during middle and late childhood
  • Parents support and stimulate children’s academic achievement
  • Parents use less physical forms of punishment as children age
34
Q

Parents as managers

A
  • Parents manage children’s opportunities, monitor behavior, and initiate social contact
  • Important to maintain a structured and organized family environment
35
Q

Attachment

A
  • More sophisticated
  • Spend less time with parents
  • Insecure attachment associated with anxiety and depression
36
Q

Stepfamilies

A

-Remarriages involving children has grown in recent years

37
Q

Types of stepfamily structure

A
  • Stepfather
  • Stepmother
  • Blended or complex
38
Q

Peers

A
  • Developmental changes
  • Peer status
  • Social cognition
  • Bullying
  • Friends
39
Q

Developmental changes

A
  • Reciprocity becomes important in peer interchanges
  • Size of peer group increases
  • Peer interaction is less closely supervised by adults
40
Q

Peer status

A
  • Popular children
  • Average children
  • Neglected children
  • Rejected children
  • Controversial children
41
Q

Social cognition

A

Thoughts about social matters

-Important for understanding peer relationships

42
Q

Bullying

A

-Verbal or physical behavior intended to disturb someone less powerful
-Boys and younger middle school students are most likely affected
-70-80% of victims and bullies are in the same classroom
Outcomes of bullying are depression, suicidal ideation, and attempted suicide

43
Q

Peers

A

-Friends

44
Q

Friends

A

Typically characterized by similarity

45
Q

Friends serve six functions

A
  • Companionship
  • Stimulation
  • Physical support
  • Ego support
  • Social comparison
  • Affection and intimacy
46
Q

Schools

A
  • Contemporary approaches to student learning

- Socioeconomic status and culture

47
Q

Contemporary approaches to student learning

A

Accountability

  • No Child Left Behind (NCBL) legislation
  • Statewide standardized testing
48
Q

Socioeconomic status and culture

A
  • The education of students from low-income backgrounds
  • Cross-cultural comparisons of achievement
  • Mindset
49
Q

The education of students from low-income backgrounds

A

-Face more barriers to learning
Most low-SES area schools tend to have lower test scores, lower granduation rates, lower college attendance rates, young teachers with less ecperience, and fewer resources

50
Q

Cross-cultural comparisons of achievement

A
  • Poor performance of American children in math and science is well publicized
  • Asian teachers spend more of their time teaching math than American teachers
51
Q

Mindset

A

Cognitive view individuals develop for themselves

-Fixed mindset vs Growth mindset

Psych 250 (5 decks)

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