Chapter 6: Social Control & Deviance

Question 1

Social Deviance

Answer 1

Any transgression of socially established norms

Question 2

Social Cohesion

Answer 2

Social bonds; how well people relate to each other and get along on a day to day basis

Question 3

Mechanical/Segmental Solidarity

Answer 3

Social cohesion based on sameness

Question 4

Organic Solidarity

Answer 4

Social Cohesion based on difference and interdependence of the parts

Question 5

Social Control

Answer 5

Those mechanisms that create normative compliance in individuals

Question 6

Formal Social Sanctions

Answer 6

Mechanisms of social control by which rules or laws prohibit deviant criminal behavior

Question 7

Informal Social Sanctions

Answer 7

The usually unexpressed but widely known rules of group membership, the unspoken rules of social life

Question 8

Social Integration

Answer 8

How well you are integrated into your social group or community

Question 9

Social Regulation

Answer 9

The number of rules guiding your daily life and, more specifically, what you can reasonably expect from the world on a day to day basis

Question 10

Egoistic Suicide

Answer 10

Suicide that occurs when one is not well integrated into a social group

Question 11

Altruistic Suicide

Answer 11

Suicide that occurs when one experiences too much social integration

Question 12

Anomie

Answer 12

A sense of aimlessness or despair that arises when we can no longer reasonably expect life to be predictable; too little social regulation

Question 13

Anomic Suicide

Answer 13

Suicide that occurs as a result of too little social regulation

Question 14

Fatalistic Suicide

Answer 14

Suicide that occurs as a result of too much social regulation

Question 15

Symbolic Interactionism

Answer 15

A microlevel theory in which shared meanings, orientations, and assumptions form the basic motivations behind people’s actions

Question 16

Labeling Theory

Answer 16

The belief that individuals subconsciously notice how others see or label them, and their reactions to those labels, over time, form the basis of their self-identity

Question 17

Primary Deviance

Answer 17

The first act of rule-breaking that may incur a label of “deviant” and thus influence how people think about and act toward you

Question 18

Secondary Deviance

Answer 18

Subsequent acts of rule-breaking that occur after primary deviance and as a result of your new deviant label and people’s expectations of you

Question 19

Stigma

Answer 19

A negative social label that not only changes your behavior toward a person but also alters that person’s own self-concept and social identity

Question 20

Broken Window Theory of Deviance

Answer 20

Theory explaining how social context and social cues impact whether individuals act deviantly: specifically, whether local, informal social norms allow deviant acts

Question 21

White Collar Crime

Answer 21

Offense committed by a professional (for professionals) against a corporation, agency, or other institution

Question 22

Corporate Crime

Answer 22

A particular type of white collar crime committed by the officers (CEOs and other executives) of a corporation

Question 23

Deterrence Theory

Answer 23

Philosophy of criminal justice arising from the notion that crime results from a rational calculation of its costs and benefits

Question 24

Recidivism

Answer 24

When an individual who has been involved with the criminal justice system reverts back to criminal behavior

Question 25

Panopticon

Answer 25

A circular building composed of an inner ring and an outer ring designed to serve as a prison in which the detainees can always be seen and the observer, housed in the inner ring, is hidden from those being observed