Chapter 6: Social Control & Deviance Flashcards
Social Deviance
Any transgression of socially established norms
Social Cohesion
Social bonds; how well people relate to each other and get along on a day to day basis
Mechanical/Segmental Solidarity
Social cohesion based on sameness
Organic Solidarity
Social Cohesion based on difference and interdependence of the parts
Social Control
Those mechanisms that create normative compliance in individuals
Formal Social Sanctions
Mechanisms of social control by which rules or laws prohibit deviant criminal behavior
Informal Social Sanctions
The usually unexpressed but widely known rules of group membership, the unspoken rules of social life
Social Integration
How well you are integrated into your social group or community
Social Regulation
The number of rules guiding your daily life and, more specifically, what you can reasonably expect from the world on a day to day basis
Egoistic Suicide
Suicide that occurs when one is not well integrated into a social group
Altruistic Suicide
Suicide that occurs when one experiences too much social integration
Anomie
A sense of aimlessness or despair that arises when we can no longer reasonably expect life to be predictable; too little social regulation
Anomic Suicide
Suicide that occurs as a result of too little social regulation
Fatalistic Suicide
Suicide that occurs as a result of too much social regulation
Symbolic Interactionism
A microlevel theory in which shared meanings, orientations, and assumptions form the basic motivations behind people’s actions
Labeling Theory
The belief that individuals subconsciously notice how others see or label them, and their reactions to those labels, over time, form the basis of their self-identity
Primary Deviance
The first act of rule-breaking that may incur a label of “deviant” and thus influence how people think about and act toward you
Secondary Deviance
Subsequent acts of rule-breaking that occur after primary deviance and as a result of your new deviant label and people’s expectations of you
Stigma
A negative social label that not only changes your behavior toward a person but also alters that person’s own self-concept and social identity
Broken Window Theory of Deviance
Theory explaining how social context and social cues impact whether individuals act deviantly: specifically, whether local, informal social norms allow deviant acts
White Collar Crime
Offense committed by a professional (for professionals) against a corporation, agency, or other institution
Corporate Crime
A particular type of white collar crime committed by the officers (CEOs and other executives) of a corporation
Deterrence Theory
Philosophy of criminal justice arising from the notion that crime results from a rational calculation of its costs and benefits
Recidivism
When an individual who has been involved with the criminal justice system reverts back to criminal behavior
