Chapter 6- Skeletal System

Question 1

What are the functions of the skeletal system?

Answer 1

Protection- ex) skull for the brain

                 ex) vertebrae for spinal 
                 ex) ribs and sternum

Support- body weight and long bones

Movement- flexion,extension

Mineral Storage- Calcium and phosphorus stored in the bones

Blood Cells Formation- red blood cells and white blood cells

Question 2

Describe the histological features or structural characteristics of
Spongy (cancellous) bone tissue
Compact (dense) bone tissue

Answer 2

Spongy Bone- marrow cavity spaces filled up with red bone marrow, smooth around the epiphyses

Compact Bone- rough ends found on the lumbar humerus and other long bones like the femur

Question 3

What are the 4 types of bone cells ?

Where are they found in relationship to the bones?

What role do they play in the skeletal system?

Answer 3

Osteocytes/Osteogenic- are cells are the only bone cells that divide

Osteoprogenitor/Osteogenisis-a stem cell that is the precursor of an osteoblasts

Osteoblasts- a mononucleate cell from which bone develops

Osteoclasts- a large multinuclear cell associated with the resorption of bone

Question 4

What is a diaphysis?

Answer 4

Long Bone , the shaft of a compact bone

Question 5

What is a epiphyses?

Answer 5

Long Bone, Spongy Bone the end of the Bone

Question 6

What is a Articulate Cartilage?

Answer 6

Surrounds and covers the epiphyses “Long Bone” exposed to the joint cavity

Question 7

Epiphyses Plate/Line

Answer 7

Plate- In children Bone grows longer because of new cartilage is added

Line -in adults

Question 8

Medullary (Marrow) Cavity

Answer 8

Filled with yellow marrow in adults

Question 9

What is a endosteum?

Answer 9

The lining of the medullary cavity

Question 10

What is a Periosteum ?

Answer 10

Doubled layer Membrane surrounding the bone except articulate cartilage

Question 11

Describe the two processes of ossification that occurs during embryological ossification?

Answer 11

Intramembranosus- Bone the develops within the membrane of the connective tissue

Endochondral- replaces the existing cartilage

Question 12

What are the components of the skeletal system?

Answer 12

Bones
cartilage
Joints
ligaments
other connective tissue

Question 13

Lamellar

Answer 13

Circular layer of that osteocytes located located in the lacunae

Question 14

Canaliculi

Answer 14

Processes conn citing the lacunae

Question 15

Harversian Canal

Answer 15

The central canal around which the concentric Lamellae are located

Question 16

Where are the location of these five bones?
Long Bones
Short  Bones 
Irregular Bones
Flat Bones 
Sesamoid Bones

Answer 16

Long Bones- Humerus and Femur

Short Bones- Carpals, Tarsals

Irregular Bones- Vertebra

Sasamoid Bone- A bone that forms within a tendon (Patella)

Flat Bones- Parietal Bone

Question 17

What is an Axial Skeleton?

Answer 17

It forms the midline of the skeleton
Skull
Vertebral Column
Thoracic Cage

Question 18

Periosteum

Answer 18

The outer covering of the diaphysis

Question 19

Sesamoid bone

Answer 19

Are seed shaped found in joints

Ex)patella