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Medical Terminology > Chapter 6 Skeletal System > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Skeletal System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Bone Processes

A

Projection or outgrowth of bone

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2
Q

Cancellous Bone

A

Spongy bone, Not as dense as compact bone

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3
Q

Cervical Vertebrae

A

Vertebrae or bones of the neck C1 through C7

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4
Q

Compact Bone

A

Hard butter shell of the bone

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5
Q

Condyle

A

Knuckle like projection at the end of a bone

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6
Q

Crest

A

Distinct border or ridge, as in iliac crest

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7
Q

Diaphysis

A

Main shaft like portion of a bone

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8
Q

Epiphyseal Line

A

A layer of cartilage that separates the diaphysis from the epiphysis of a bone, also known as the epiphyseal plate

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9
Q

Epiphysis

A

The end of a bone

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10
Q

False Ribs

A

Rib pairs 8 through 10, which don’t connect to the sternum

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11
Q

Fissure

A

A groove or depression in a bone; a sulcus

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12
Q

Flat Bone

A

Bones that are broad and thin with flat or curved surfaces, such as the sternum

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13
Q

Floating Ribs

A

Rib pairs 11 and 12, which connect to the vertebrae in the back but to nothing in the front

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14
Q

Fontanelle or Fontanel

A

Space between the bones of an infants cranium “soft spot”

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15
Q

Foramen

A

Hole in a bone through which blood vessels or nerves pass

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16
Q

Fossa

A

Hollow or concave depression in a bone

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17
Q

Haversian Canals

A

System of small canals within compact bone that contain blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves

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18
Q

Hematopoiesis

A

The normal formation and development of blood cells in the bone marrow

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19
Q

Intercostal spaces

A

Space between the ribs

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20
Q

Intervertebral disc

A

A flat, circular, platelike structure of cartilage that serves as a cushion (or shock absorber) between the vertebrae

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21
Q

Long bones

A

Bones that are longer then they are wide with distinctive shaped ends, such as the femur

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22
Q

Lumbar vertebrae

A

The vertebrae of the lower back, L1 through L5

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23
Q

Medullary cavity

A

The center portion of the shaft of a long bone containing the yellow marrow

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24
Q

Ossification

A

The conversion of cartilage and fibrous connective tissue to bone; the formation of bone

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25
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Immature bone cells that activity produce bony tissue

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26
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Large cells that absorb or digest old bone tissue

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27
Q

Osteocytes

A

Mature bone cells

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28
Q

Periosteum

A

The thick, white, fibrous membrane that covers the surface of a long bone

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29
Q

Red bone marrow

A

the soft, semifluid substance located in the small spaces of cancellous bone that is the source of blood cell production

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30
Q

Resorption

A

The process of removing or digesting old bone tissue

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31
Q

Sesamoid Bone

A

Irregular bones imbedded in tendons near a joint, as in the kneecap

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32
Q

Short Bone

A

Bones that are about as long as they are wide and somewhat box-shaped, such as the wrist bone

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33
Q

Sinus

A

An opening or hallow space in a bone; a cavity within a bone

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34
Q

Stenosis

A

An abnormal condition characterized by narrowing or restriction of an opening or passageway in a body structure

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35
Q

Sulcus

A

A groove or depression in a bone; a fissure

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36
Q

Sutures

A

Immovable joints, such as those of the cranium

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37
Q

Thoracic Vertebrae

A

The 12 vertebrae of the chest, T1 through T12

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38
Q

Trabeculae

A

Needlelike bony spicules within cancellous bone that contributes to the spongy appearance.

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39
Q

Trochanter

A

Large bony process located below the neck of the femur

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40
Q

True ribs

A

The first seven pairs of ribs, which connect to the vertebrae in the back and to the sternum in the front

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41
Q

Tubercle

A

A small rounded process of a bone

42
Q

Tuberosity

A

An elevated, broad, rounded process of a bone

43
Q

Vertebral Foramen

A

A large opening in the center of each vertebra that serves as a passageway for et spinal cord

44
Q

Yellow Marrow

A

Located in the diaphysis of long bones, Yellow marrow consists of fatty tissue and is inactive in the formation of blood cells

45
Q

Acetabul/o

A

Acetabulum

46
Q

-blast, Blast/o

A

Embryonic stage of development

47
Q

Cal/o, Calc/i

A

Calcium

48
Q

Calcane/o

A

Heel Bone

49
Q

Carp/o

A

Wrist

50
Q

-clast, -clastic

A

To break

51
Q

Clavicul/o

A

Collarbone

52
Q

Coccyg/o

A

Coccyx

53
Q

Cost/o

A

Ribs

54
Q

Crani/o

A

Skull, Cranium

55
Q

Femor/o

A

Femur

56
Q

Fibul/o

A

Fibula

57
Q

Gen/o

A

To produce

58
Q

Humer/o

A

Humerus

59
Q

Ili/o

A

Ilium

60
Q

Ischi/o

A

Ischium

61
Q

Kyph/o

A

Humpback; pertaining to a hump

62
Q

Lamin/o

A

Lamina

63
Q

Lord/o

A

Swayback; bent

64
Q

Lumb/o

A

Loins; lower back

65
Q

Malac/o

A

Softening

66
Q

-malacia

A

Softening

67
Q

Mandibul/o

A

Mandible

68
Q

Mastoid

A

Mastoid Precess

69
Q

Maxill/o

A

Upper jaw

70
Q

Metacarp/o

A

Hand Bones

71
Q

Matatars/o

A

Foot Bones

72
Q

Myel/o

A

Spinal cord or bone marrow

73
Q

Olecran/o

A

Elbow

74
Q

Orth/o

A

Straight

75
Q

Oste/o

A

Bone

76
Q

Patell/o, Patell/a

A

Kneecap

77
Q

Pelv/i

A

Pelvis

78
Q

Phalang/o

A

Fingers/ toes

79
Q

-physis

A

Growth, growing

80
Q

Por/o

A

Cavity, opening, passage or pore

81
Q

-porosis

A

Porous; lessening in density

82
Q

Pub/o

A

Pubis

83
Q

Rach/i

A

Spinal Column

84
Q

Radi/o

A

Radiation; also refers to the radius

85
Q

Scapul/o

A

Shoulder blade

86
Q

Scoli/o

A

Crooked, bent

87
Q

Spondyl/o

A

Vertebra

88
Q

Sten/o

A

Short, contracted, or narrow

89
Q

Stern/o

A

Sternum

90
Q

Tars/o

A

Ankle Bones

91
Q

Tempor/o

A

Temples of the head

92
Q

Vertebr/o

A

Vertebra

93
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Porous Bone

94
Q

Osteomalacia

A

Soft bone due to a deficiency in calcium and phosphorous

95
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

Infection of the bone and bone marrow

96
Q

Ewing’s sarcoma

A

Malignant tumor of the bones common to young adults, particularly adolescent boys

97
Q

Osteogenic Sarcoma

A

Malignant tumor arising from bone

98
Q

Osteochondroma

A

Is the most common and benign bone tumor.

99
Q

Paget’s disease

A

Disease of the bone, characterized by excessive bone destruction. The bone is weak and prone to fractures

100
Q

Spinal Stenosis

A

Narrowing of the vertebral canal, nerve root canal, or intervertebral foramina (openings) of the lumbar spine

101
Q

Kyphosis

A

An abnormal outward projection of the spine. Humpback

102
Q

Lordosis

A

An abnormal curvature of a portion of the spine. Swayback

Side to side curvature

Medical Terminology (6 decks)

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