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Medical Terminology > Chapter 4 Whole Body > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Whole Body Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Abdominal Cavity

A

The cavity beneath the thoracic cavity the aid separated from the thoracic cavity by the diaphragm

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2
Q

Abdominopelvic Cavity

A

A term that describes the abdominal and pelvic cavity, refers to the space between the diaphragm and the groin

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3
Q

Anaplasia

A

A change in the structure and orientation of the cells, characterized by a loss of differentiation and reversion to a primitive form

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4
Q

Anatomical position

A

The standard position for the body as a whole, standing arms/palms forward

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5
Q

Anterior

A

Pertaing to the front of the body towards the belly of the body

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6
Q

Aplasia

A

A developmental failure resulting in the absence of any organ or tissue

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7
Q

Cardiac Muscle

A

The muscle that makes us the muscular wall of the heart

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8
Q

Caudal

A

Pertaining to the tail

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9
Q

Cell

A

The smallest and most numerous structural unit of living matter

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10
Q

Cell membrane

A

The semipermeable barrier the is the outer covering of a cell

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11
Q

Cervical Vertebrae

A

The first seven segments of the spinal colum, identified as C1 through C7

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12
Q

Chromosomes

A

The threadlike structures within the nucleus that controls the functions of growth, repair, and repoduction for the body

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13
Q

Coccyx

A

The tail bone

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14
Q

Connective Tissue

A

Tissue that supports and binds other body tissue and parts

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15
Q

Cranial

A

Pertaining to the skull or cranium

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16
Q

Cranial Cavity

A

The cavity that contains the brain

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17
Q

Cytology

A

The study of cells

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18
Q

Cytoplasm

A

A gel like substance that surrounds the nucleus of a cell.

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19
Q

Deep

A

Away from the surface and towards the inside of the body

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20
Q

Distal

A

Away from ot farthest from the trunk of the body or farthest from the point of origin of a body part

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21
Q

Dorsal

A

Pertaining to the back

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22
Q

Dorsum

A

The back or posterior surface of a part; on the foot, the top of the foot

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23
Q

Dysplasia

A

Any abnormal development of tissues or organs

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24
Q

Epigastric Region

A

The region of the abdomen located between the right and left hypochondriac regions in the upper sactions of the abdomen, beneath the cartilage of the ribs

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25
Q

Epithelial Tissue

A

The tissue that covers the internal and external organs of the body

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26
Q

Frontal Plane

A

Any of the vertical planes that divide the body into front and back sections

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27
Q

Genes

A

Segments of chromosomes that transmit hereditary info

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28
Q

Histologist

A

A medical Scientist who specializes in the study of tissues

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29
Q

Hyperplasia

A

An increase in the number of cells of a body part

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30
Q

Hypochondriac Region

A

The right and left regions of the upper abdomen, beneath the cartilage of the lower ribs; located on either side of the epigastric region

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31
Q

Hypogastric Region

A

The middle section of the lower abdomen, beneath the umbilical region

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32
Q

Hypoplasia

A

Incomplete or underdeveloped organ or tissue, usually the result of a decrease in the number of cells

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33
Q

Inferior

A

Below or downward towards the tail or feet

34
Q

Inguinal Region

A

The right and left regions of the lower section of the abdomen; also called the iliac region

35
Q

Intervertebral disc

A

A flat, circular, plate-like structure of cartilage that serves as a cushon between the vertebrae

36
Q

Lateral

A

Towards the side of the body, away from the midline of the body

37
Q

Long axis

A

The midline of the body from the head to feet

38
Q

Lumbar Region

A

The right and left regions of the middle section of the abdomen

39
Q

Lumbar Vertebrae

A

The longest and strongest vertebrae of the spinal column, located in the lower back. L1 through L5

40
Q

Lysosomes

A

Cell organs that contain various types of enzymes that function in intracellular digestion. Lysosomes destroy bacteria by digesting them.

41
Q

McBurneys Point

A

A Point on the right side of the abdomen, about two-thirds of the distance between the umbilicus and the anterior bony prominence of the hip

42
Q

Medial

A

Towards the midline of the body

43
Q

Mediolateral

A

Pertaining to the middle and the side of the structure

44
Q

Membrane

A

A thin layer of tissue that covers a surface, lines a cavity, or divids a space, such as the abdominal membrane that lines the abdominal wall

45
Q

Midline of the body

A

The imaginary line created to divide into right and left halfs

46
Q

Midsagittal Plane

A

The plane that divids the body into right and left equal parts

47
Q

Mitochondria

A

Cell organs which provide the energy needed by the cell to carry on its essential functions

48
Q

Munro’s Point

A

A point on the left side of the abdomen, about half way between the umbilicus and the anterior bony prominence of the hip

49
Q

Muscle Tissue

A

The tissue capable of producint movement of the part and organs of the body by contracting and relaxing its fibers

50
Q

Navel

A

The umbilicus; the belly button

51
Q

Neoplasia

A

The new and abnormal development of cells that may be benign or malignant

52
Q

Nervous Tissue

A

Tissue that transmits impulses throughout the body, thereby activating, coordinating, and controling the many functions of the body

53
Q

Nucleus

A

The central controlling body within a living cell that is enclosed within the cell membrane

54
Q

Organ

A

Tissue arranged together to perform a special function

55
Q

Pelvic Cavity

A

The lower front cavity of the body, located beneath the abdominal cavity; cintains the uninary bladder and repoductive organs

56
Q

Peritoneum

A

A specific serous membrane that covers the entire abdomenal wall of the body and is reflected over the contained viscera

57
Q

Plane

A

Imaginary slices made through the body as if it were dividing them

58
Q

Plantar

A

Pertaining to the sole or bottom of the feet

59
Q

Posterior

A

Pertaining to the back of the body

60
Q

Pronation

A

A movement that allows the palms of the hands to turn downward and backward

61
Q

Prone

A

Lying face down on the abdomen

62
Q

Proximal

A

Together to the trunk of the body or neares the point of origin or a body part

63
Q

Ribosomes

A

Cell organs that synthesize protein; often called the cells protein factory

64
Q

Sacrum

A

The sungular triangular-shaped bone that results from the fusion of the five individual sacral bones of the child

65
Q

Skeletal Muscle

A

Muscle that is attached to bone and is responsible for the movement of the skeleton

66
Q

Smooth Muscle

A

Muscle found in the walls of the hallow internal organs of the body such as the stomach and intestines

67
Q

Spinal Cavity

A

The cavity that contains the verves of the spinal cord; also known as the spinal canal

68
Q

Superficial

A

Pertaining to the surface of the body or near the surface

69
Q

Superior

A

Above or upward toward the head

70
Q

Supination

A

A Movement that allows the palms of the hands to turn upward or forward

71
Q

Supine

A

Lying horizontal on the back, face up

72
Q

System

A

Organs that work together to perform the many functions of the body

73
Q

Thoracic Cavity

A

The chest cavity, Which contains the lungs, heart, aorta, esophagus, and trachea

74
Q

Thoracic Vertebrae

A

The second segment of 12 vertebrae that makeup the vertebral bones of the chest; identified as T1 through T12

75
Q

Tissue

A

A group of cells that perform a specialized function

76
Q

Transverse Plane

A

Divids the body into upper and lower planes

77
Q

Umbilical Region

A

The region of the abdomen located in the middle section od the abdomen, between the right and left lumbar regions and directly beneath the epigastric region

78
Q

Umbilicus

A

The Naval; the belly button

79
Q

Ventral

A

Pertaining to the front; belly side

80
Q

Visceral

A

Pertaining to the internal organs

Medical Terminology (6 decks)

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