Chapter 6: Skeletal System Flashcards
functions of skeletal system (5)
support, protection, movement, storage of minerals and lipids, blood cell production (homeopoiesis)
yellow bone marrow location
limb bones
red bone marrow location
axial bones, hip bones, proximal end of humerus and femur
covers our bone, made of connective tissue & epithelial tissue
periosteum
parts of a long bone
spongy bone (cancellous bone; red bone marrow), medullary cavity in diaphysis (yellow bone marrow), compact bone (dense)
there is more of this in fetal bones rather than adults, more towards the end of the bone
articular cartilage
spontaneous or inherited genetic abnormality in a gene found on chromosome #4
achondroplasia
extracellular matrix is made out of..
ground substance, protein fibers, inorganic salts
glycosaminoglycans, osteocalcin (calcium binding protein), osteonectin (anchors bone mineral to collagen)
osteoid
what leads to the hardening of bone matrix?
crystals of hydroxyapatite deposited around protein fibers
types of bone cells (4)
osteocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteoprogenitors
mature bone cells, maintain the bone matrix
osteocytes
add to/build new bone matrix during growth & remodeling by secreting osteoid
osteoblasts
remove/tear down bone matrix during growth & remodeling
osteoclasts
maintain osteoblast population
osteoprogenitors
compact (dense) bone arranged in…
osteons
spongy (cancellous) bone arranged in…
trabeculae
circular, repeating unit of compact bone
the osteon
factors affecting the build-up/breakdown of bone
exercise, hormones, diet, aging
porous bone
osteoporosis
1/3 of bone is composed of ____ material
organic
2/3 of bone is composed of ____ material
inorganic
vitamin need for collagen formation
vitamin C
vitamin that aids in calcification of bone
vitamin D
