Chapter 6: Skeletal System

Question 1

functions of skeletal system (5)

Answer 1

support, protection, movement, storage of minerals and lipids, blood cell production (homeopoiesis)

Question 2

yellow bone marrow location

Answer 2

limb bones

Question 3

red bone marrow location

Answer 3

axial bones, hip bones, proximal end of humerus and femur

Question 4

covers our bone, made of connective tissue & epithelial tissue

Answer 4

periosteum

Question 5

parts of a long bone

Answer 5

spongy bone (cancellous bone; red bone marrow), medullary cavity in diaphysis (yellow bone marrow), compact bone (dense)

Question 6

there is more of this in fetal bones rather than adults, more towards the end of the bone

Answer 6

articular cartilage

Question 7

spontaneous or inherited genetic abnormality in a gene found on chromosome #4

Answer 7

achondroplasia

Question 8

extracellular matrix is made out of..

Answer 8

ground substance, protein fibers, inorganic salts

Question 9

glycosaminoglycans, osteocalcin (calcium binding protein), osteonectin (anchors bone mineral to collagen)

Answer 9

osteoid

Question 10

what leads to the hardening of bone matrix?

Answer 10

crystals of hydroxyapatite deposited around protein fibers

Question 11

types of bone cells (4)

Answer 11

osteocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteoprogenitors

Question 12

mature bone cells, maintain the bone matrix

Answer 12

osteocytes

Question 13

add to/build new bone matrix during growth & remodeling by secreting osteoid

Answer 13

osteoblasts

Question 14

remove/tear down bone matrix during growth & remodeling

Answer 14

osteoclasts

Question 15

maintain osteoblast population

Answer 15

osteoprogenitors

Question 16

compact (dense) bone arranged in…

Answer 16

osteons

Question 17

spongy (cancellous) bone arranged in…

Answer 17

trabeculae

Question 18

circular, repeating unit of compact bone

Answer 18

the osteon

Question 19

factors affecting the build-up/breakdown of bone

Answer 19

exercise, hormones, diet, aging

Question 20

porous bone

Answer 20

osteoporosis

Question 21

1/3 of bone is composed of ____ material

Answer 21

organic

Question 22

2/3 of bone is composed of ____ material

Answer 22

inorganic

Question 23

vitamin need for collagen formation

Answer 23

vitamin C

Question 24

vitamin that aids in calcification of bone

Answer 24

vitamin D