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Introduction to Linguistics > Chapter 6 - Semantics and Pragmatics > Flashcards

Chapter 6 - Semantics and Pragmatics Flashcards

1
Q

Semantics

A

The study of the meaning of linguistic expressions, such as morphemes, words, phrases, clauses, and sentences.

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2
Q

Pragmatics

A

The study of the effect of context on meaning

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3
Q

Lexical semantics

A

The branch of semantics that deals with the meaning of words

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4
Q

Structural semantics

A

The branch of semantics that deals with the meaning of utterances larger than words

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5
Q

Lexicon

A

The mental dictionary each person has that contains the definitions of all the words that person knows.

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6
Q

Referent

A

The actual concrete item or concept to which the word refers

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7
Q

Referential meaning

A

Describes the referent, an action, or a state of being

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8
Q

Sense

A

The extended meaning of a word or phrase that, in context, clarifies the referent

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9
Q

Shifting referents

A

Referents that are different for each speaker and each sentence

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10
Q

Semantic properties

A

The elements of meaning that make up the lexical entry of the word in the speaker’s mind

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11
Q

Semantic domain

A

A set of words that share semantic properties

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12
Q

Distinctive feature analysis

A

The process of analyzing the semantic properties of a word

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13
Q

Markedness

A

The concept that some words or morphemes are more common or usual than others (actor/actress, lion/lioness)

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14
Q

Hyponyms

A

More specific words that constitute a subclass of a more general word

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15
Q

Synonyms

A

Words that have similar meanings and share the same semantic properties

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16
Q

Denotation

A

The referential meaning of the word or morpheme, often the first meaning listed in a dictionary

17
Q

Connotation

A

A shade of meaning for a word or morpheme

18
Q

Homonyms

A

Words that sound the same

19
Q

Polysemous

A

Words have more than one meaning

20
Q

Antonyms

A

Words that are opposite in one of their semantic properties

21
Q

Complementary pairs

A

Antonyms that express a binary relationship such as the words male/female

22
Q

Gradable pairs

A

Antonyms, such as big/little, that are part of a larger set of related words and express the concept that one of them is more whereas the other is less

23
Q

Relational opposites

A

Antonyms that express a symmetrical relationship between two words, such as teacher/student

24
Q

Structural semantics

A

The study of how the structure of sentences contributes to meaning

25
Q

Contradictions

A

Utterances in which the the

Introduction to Linguistics (7 decks)

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