Chapter 6: Sedimentry and Metamorphic rocks

Question 1

sediments

Answer 1

pieces of solid material that have been deposited on the earths surface by water, wind, ice, gravity or chemical precipitation

Question 2

clastic sediments

Answer 2

have worn down edges and rounded corners from physical abrasion comes from the word klastos meaning broken

Question 3

lithification

Answer 3

the physical and chemical processes that transform sediments into sedimentry rock

Question 4

cementation

Answer 4

when mineral growth cements sediment due grains into solid rock

Question 5

Bedding

Answer 5

horizontal layering of rocks

Question 6

graded bedding

Answer 6

where the partical sizes become increasingly heavier and coarser towards the bottom

Question 7

cross bedding

Answer 7

inclined layers of sediment move forward across a horizontal surface

Question 8

why do sediment deposits tend to form in layers

Answer 8

due to partical size and timing

Question 9

coarse grained clastic rock

Answer 9

conglomerate and breccia

Question 10

medium grained clastic rock

Answer 10

sandstone

Question 11

fine grained clastic rock

Answer 11

shale

Question 12

organic sedimentry rocks

Answer 12

limestone and coal

Question 13

what are evaporites

Answer 13

When the concentration of dissolved minerals in a body of water reaches saturation, crystal grains precipitate out of the solution and settle on the bottom. The layer of chemical sedimentry rocks that form on the bottom are evaporites

Question 14

What does metamorphism mean

Answer 14

change

Question 15

regional metamorphism

Answer 15

when temperature and pressure affect large portions of the Earth’s crust

Question 16

contact metamorphism

Answer 16

When molten rocks such as those in an igneous intrusion come in contact with solid rock

Question 17

hydrothermal metamorphism

Answer 17

When very hot water reacts with rock and alters its chemistry and mineralology

Question 18

foliated vs. nonfoliated

Answer 18

wavy layers and bands of minerals vs. lacking mineral grains with long axes in one direction

Question 19

porphyroblasts

Answer 19

metamorhpic minerals that grow quite large while the surrounding minerals remain small