Chapter 6 Section 1 and 2 Flashcards
What is an enzyme?
A biological catalyst.
What does a catalyst do?
It increases the rate of reaction. Lowers the activation energy.
What is the ground state?
The starting point for either forward or reverse reaction.
Define transition state.
The point at which decay to substrate or product is equally likely to form. It has a high energy requirement.
What is the activation energy?
Ground state energy level minus the transition state energy.
What is a reaction intermediate?
The valleys on the graph. ES and EP complexes are examples of reaction intermediates.
What is the rate-limiting step?
It has the highest activation energy that determines the overall rate of reaction.
Unimolar reaction
V=[k]S
Second-order reaction depends on what?
The concentration of two different compounds or the reaction is between two molecules of the same compound.
V=k (s1)(s2)
What is the binding energy?
Energy derived from non-covalent enzyme-substrate hypothesis.
What is the importance of weak interactions in the ES complex?
Provide a substantial driving force for enzymatic catalysis.
What are the 7 types of enzymes?
1 Oxidoreductases 2 Transferases 3 Hydrolyses 4 Lyases 5 Isomerases 6 Ligases
What is entropy reduction?
A large restriction in the relative motions of two substrates that are to react.
Binding energy constraints substrates in the proper orientation to react.
What is desolavation?
The release of bound water surrounding a solute (substrate).
Which statements about enzymes are true?
- A substrate must bind to the active site before catalysis can occur.
- An enzyme yields a specific product.
- Catalysis occurs at the active site.
- An enzyme is specific for particular substrate.
