Chapter 6 Section 1-3 Flashcards
When was the Ohio company formed and who formed it?
Lawrence and Augustine Washington formed it in 1747
Who is Robert Dinwiddie?
He was royal governor of Virginia who who himself was a shareholder of the Ohio Company
What did Robert Dinwiddie do in 1753?
He sent a messenger to the French to warn them that they were trespassing on Virginia land
Who was the messenger that Robert Dinwiddie sent?
George Washington
What did George Washington do in the spring of 1754?
He set out with 160 Virginians and a small group of Mingo Indians to the French in the Ohio country
What was the conference of Albany?
The meeting between all 6 Iroquois tribes and 24 delegates from 7 colonies to secure the Indians help against the French
Who was General Edward Braddock?
A British General who lead an army to Fort Duquesne in Western Pennsylvania
What was the outcome of the battle at Fort Duquesne?
The French came prepared and killed nearly 1,000 British soldiers including General Braddock
What turned the war around in 1757?
When William Pitt became Britain’s prime minister
End of 1762
France and Spain surrender and sign Treaty of Paris in 1763
1763
Britain’s national debt doubles what it had been when Pitt took office
What was the “Seven Years War”?
War between French and British that ended with British domination of North America; known in America as the French and Indian War.
What was Pontiac’s Rebellion?
A coordinated uprising of Native American tribes in 1763 in the Northwest after the end of the Seven Years’ War.
Who were the Paxton Boys?
A group of violent Pennsylvania vigilantes that attacked a peaceful Conestoga village
Who was George Greenville?
He was the British prime minister from 1763-1765 and created the first provocative revenue acts
What was the Molasses Act of 1733
A stiff tax policy of 6 pence per gallon on any molasses imported to the British colonies from non-British sources
What was the Sugar (Revenue) Act?
A 1764 British law decreased the duty on French molasses, making it easier for shippers to obey the law, and at the same time raised penalties for smuggling. It maintained trade but was also intended to raise revenue.
From the British point of view, how did they view the Proclamation of 1763 and Sugar Acts?
They viewed it as a reasonable way to administer the colonies
How did the Americans view British supervision?
They viewed it to be a disturbing intrusion into colonial practices of self taxation by elected colonial assemblies
What was the Stamp Act?
1765 British law imposing a tax on all paper used for official documents, for the purpose of raising revenue. Widespread resistance to the Stamp Act led to its repeal in 1766.
What is the difference between the Stamp Act and Sugar Act?
The Sugar Act was meant to regulate trade while the Stamp Act was meant to make money
What was the average salary for a stamp distributor?
8% of revenue collected
Who was the only person that could grant the king to demand for money?
The House of Commons
What is virtual representation?
The theory that all British subjects were represented in Parliament, whether they had elected representatives in that body or not.
What did the Americans think of virtual representation?
They rejected the idea because they believed that only direct representatives had the right to tax colonies
When did the news of the Stamp Act arrive to the colonies?
April 1765
What were the Virginia Resolves?
The Virginia Resolves were a series of resolutions created by Patrick Henry, passed by the Virginia House of Burgesses in response to the Stamp Act of 1765.
What did the first 3 resolutions of the Virginia Resolves state?
that Virginians were British citizens, that they enjoyed the same
rights and privileges as Britons
What did the 4th resolution of the Virginia Resolves state?
That Virginians had always taxed themselves, through their representatives in the House of Burgesses
What did the 5th resolution of the Virginia Resolves state?
That the Virginia assembly alone had the right to tax Virginians
What did the 6th resolution of the Virginia Resolves state?
It denied legitimacy to any tax law originating outside Virginia
What did the 7th resolution of the Virginia Resolves state?
That anyone who disagreed with these propositions was considered an enemy
Who were the Sons of Liberty?
They were a resistance of American colonists created within the 13 colonies. They were formed to protect rights of colonists and to fight taxation
Who were the leaders of the Sons of Liberty?
Samuel Adams, John Hancock, and Ebenezer Macintosh
October 1765
Twenty-seven delegates representing nine colonial assemblies met in New York City as the Stamp Act Congress.
Declaratory Acts
1766 law issued by Parliament to assert Parliament’s unassailable right to legislate for its British colonies
What are the Townshend Duties?
British law that established new duties on tea, glass, lead, paper, and painters’ colors imported into the colonies.
What was the official name of the Townshend Duties?
Revenue Act of 1767
What did Lord Hillsborough instruct the governor of Massachusetts Bernard to do in response to Adams’s letter?
Lord Hillsborough instructed Bernard to dissolve the assembly if it refused to fulfill the letter
What did the assembly do about the letter?
It refused the letter and Bernard dissolved the assembly
What was the reaction of the people of Boston when the assembly had been dissolved?
It was in complete uproar
What did the people of Boston agree to do after the assembly was dissolved?
They boycotted on all British-made goods
What did Boston merchants agree to do as a result of the boycotts?
They suspended trade with the British through a non-importation agreements
Who were the Daughters of Liberty?
Women in favor of the rebellion that made clothes during boycott
True or False. Were the anti-British boycotts successful?
True, imports fell by more than 40%
What is the Boston Massacre?
March 1770 incident in Boston in which British soldiers fired on an American crowd, killing five. The Boston Massacre became a rallying point for colonists who increasingly saw the British government
as tyrannical and illegitimate.
