Chapter 4 Section 1 & 2 Flashcards
What was the puritans main practice
The Puritans’ main practices are the importance of an individual’s relationship with God
What common bonds did all puritans have?
Family, community, and religion
English Reformation
Reform effort initiated by King Henry VIII that included banning the Catholic Church and declaring the English monarch head of the new
Church of England but little change in doctrine
1558
Queen Elizabeth I becomes queen
Who was Queen Elizabeth I successor?
King James I
What was James well-known for?
He was known for his translation of the bible or the King James Version
What was one thing that James and his son Charles had in common?
They both accepted Puritan reformers
1629
Charles dissolved parliament
Separatists
People who sought withdrawal from the Church of England. aka The Pilgrims
August 1620
102 pilgrims arrived after 11 weeks in the Mayflower to present day Massachusetts
What did the pilgrims do once they arrived to Massachusetts?
They signed the Mayflower compact
Who was the governor of the pilgrims?
William Bradford
What was the name of the Indian tribe and chieftain that befriended the pilgrims?
The Wampanoag tribe and Massasoit
What did the Wampanoag tribe teach the pilgrims?
They taught them how to harvest enough crops to guarantee survival during the winter
How long was Henry VIII’s reign?
1509-1547
Puritans
Dissenters from the Church of England who wanted a genuine Reformation rather than the partial Reformation sought by Henry VIII.
Fall of 1621
The feast of thanksgiving
1629 (Puritans)
A group of puritans obtained a charter to the Massachusetts Bay colony
1630
Plymouth became an established settlement
March 1630
11 ships with 700 passengers sailed for Massachusetts
Who was the governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony?
John Winthrop
What did Winthrop aspire to do?
Reform the Church of England
Where did Winthrop first settle
Boston
What is the nickname given to Boston
The city upon the hill
What was significant about the second wave of immigrants that were going to Massachusetts?
They arrived as families
What was significant about where the New England colonists settled?
It was on the coast or by a river
What religion still had a strong influence on New Englanders?
Puritanism
Calvinism
Christian doctrine of Swiss Protestant theologian John Calvin
Predestination
Doctrine stating that God determined whether individuals were destined for salvation or damnation before their birth. Main Calvinist belief
Visible saints
Puritans who had passed the tests of conversion and church membership and were therefore thought to be among God’s elect.
What was significant about the churches of New England?
The churches played no direct role in the civil government
What English practices did the puritans think were corrupt?
They did not practice Easter or Christmas because the bible mentioned neither
Who were the freemen
They were the stockholders of the Massachusetts Bay Colony
What did the General Court do in 1631?
They expanded the amount of freemen and made it all church members male
What did the freemen agree to do in 1634?
They agreed to send two deputies to the General Court to act as the colony’s legislative assembly.
What advantage did men have in the town meetings
Almost every adult man could speak out and vote in town meetings, but all women even church members were prohibited from voting.
What was significant about the layout of New England towns?
They encouraged settlers to look inward toward their neighbors
Who were Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams?
They were the founders of Rhode Island. They were both banished by John Winthrop
Antinomians
Individuals who believed that Christians could be saved by faith alone and did not need to act in accordance with God’s law
1638
Boston formally excommunicated Anne Hutchinson
Thomas Hooker
Minister that believed that believed men and women who lived
godly lives should be admitted to church membership even if they had not experienced conversion
1636
Hooker led an exodus of 800 colonists from Massachusetts to Connecticut River valley
1639
Towns adopted Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, a quasi-constitution that could be altered by the vote of freemen, who did not have to be church members
Puritan Revolution
English civil war that arose out of disputes between King Charles I and Parliament, which was dominated by Puritans. The conflict began in 1642 and ended with the execution of Charles I in 1649, resulting in Puritan rule in England until 1660.
What was the most important export for New England
Fish🐟
Why did the population double even though immigration was a t a stand still?
Because everyone married and women had 8 or 9 children
Halfway covenant
A Puritan compromise established in Massachusetts in 1662 that allowed the unconverted children of the “visible saints” to become
“halfway” members of the church and baptize their own children even though they were not full members of the church themselves.
Quakers
Epithet for members of the Society of Friends. Their belief that God spoke directly to each individual through an “inner light” and that neither ministers nor the Bible was essential to discovering God’s Word
put them in conflict with orthodox Puritans.
What would happen to the Quakers that refused to leave Massachusetts?
They would get hung
Where did most accusations of witchcraft occur?
More than 95 percent of all legal accusations of witchcraft occurred in New England
Who was accused the most,of being a witch
Older women
How many witches were hung in Salem, Massachusetts?
19
