chapter 6 risky behaviour Flashcards
what is delinquency
a type of deviance, but specifically done by children
What does Matza’s delinquency and drift discuss
techniques of neutralization (justifying their actions) used by delinquents
what is the OSDUHS? What was the main finding
Longest continuing school survey in Canada that started in Toronto, purpose was to learn about social trends (second in America)
found that boys get into more trouble than girls
what other two main findings were there in the survey
- females are more likely to report running away from home
2. older students are more likely than younger students to engage in delinquent behaviour
In the 2009 study, what were the 3 highest ranked delinquent behaviours
- Fire setting (arson) 14%
- Theft of goods (14%)
- Vandalism (14%)
Why is this not an easy time for young people
because unemployment rates are high, youths suffer from low self-esteem/depression, and many have been victimized by violence/abuse at home
why do people break rules
when they believe they have something to gain by doing so and have nothing to lose, ex.theft
What did Hirschi argue
that without controls, people are more likely to commit delinquent or criminal acts, we all have a chance of becoming delinquent
it comes from a lack of attachment to society
what is conformity
need to avoid delinquency, being “normal”
what four social bonds promote conformity
- Attachment -interest in others (attached to schools
- Commitment - effort spend in a social activity (going to school)
- Involvement (time spent on social activity
- Belief - faith in the laws of society
what is risky behaviour tied to
the search for independence, adulthood and acceptance
particularly with boys since they work extra hard to be accepted/independent
What is John Hagans Power Control theory
That in middle class families (husband and wife have equal roles) sons and daughters receive the same treatment/supervision And in working class families (unequal work roles) sons are given more freedom which is why they are more likely to be deviant
what do studies indicate about aggression problems In children
30-40 percent of children with aggression problems grow up to have problems w violence
Are girls and boys bullied and do they bully at the same rate
yes, boys are more physical and girls are more verbal
how does “age” play a role in bullying
ages 4-12 is same sex bullying, 11-18 expands to opposite sex bullying.
Victimization decreases across grade levels
what percent of episodes occurs in the context of a peer group
85%
what rates are adolescents bullied through the internet (phones)
29% and 24.6%
why does cyberbullying [ose a greater threat to children’s emotional well-being
because it can happen anywhere at any time
what percent of grade 10-12 students admitted to driving drunk
13%
which drivers have the highest risk of car accidents
young men
what percent of drivers (15-19) drank before being involved in an accident
60%
what is an important factor in predicting juvenile crime and future criminal beaver
failure in school, leaving school early
among 24year old Canadians, the drop o8t rate was 16.6 percent (1990) but has fallen to 8.5
what is a peer group
a group of interacting companions who show similar social characteristics, interests
after parents, peers influence a youths behaviour
what. is a reference group
people who a child refers and compares themselves to
what are the top three most common sites for youth crime
- private residences (32%)
- commercial establishments (23%)
- outdoor public spaces (23%)
what two crimes are common on School property
violent crime and drug violations
where does non-violent crime usually take place
commercial establishments
what ages account for3 in every 10 solved motor vehicle thefts
ages 15-18
imparted driving offences in 2002 was highest among young adults of what age group
19-24
what four problems to adolescents in Ontario suffer from (according to OSDUHS)
mental health
alcohol abuse
drug abuse
delinquent behaviour
what did Frederick Thrasher believe
that gangs originate in the playgrounds of youth, they are created to create better societies for boys and grow out of a desire to be part off society
what did Frederick Thrasher propose about gangs
that when group cohesion increases because of conflict w another group, the playgroup may evolve into a gang
becomes a gang when it forms group consciousness
what did Whyte believe about gangs
that they have an organic relationship with he community in which it forms, a lack of contact with outsiders leads to high rates of social interaction within the gang, which makes them highly organized
what did Albert Cohen note
that gang members resist pressures of home/school that regulate their activities delinquents in lower class communities create countercultures
what five distinct types of “young gangs” did Robert gordon lay out
Youth groups (small groups fo friends)
Youth movements (groups in activities)
Criminal groups (friends that commit crimes together)
Criminal business organizations (participate in crimes for financial gain)
Street gangs (combined adults and youths)
what are the three main methods of finding money for street youths
Panhandling (begging in street)
Social assistance
crime (usually prostitution)
what did Hagan and McCarthy fid about street youth
a high number of street youth come from violent, sexually abusive, and dysfunctional families. Also a lack of necessities
how many cases of child abuse were there in the US (1996) and who were the most common perpetrators
and what family income is more likely to be abusers
about 1 million
biological mothers (63%) and biological fathers (45%)
income of under 15,000 per year
what do functionalists believe about delinquency (2 things)
crime/delinquency are a result of social disorganization
delinquent activities provide a new opportunity for cohesion (forming a group)
what are 3 Symbolic Interactionalist theories about delinquency
1,being tabled as deviant depends on the reactions of others
- effects in identify and self esteem through labeling are important
- if a person is labeled deviant, opportunities for good behaviour disappear
what is a critical theory about delinquency
power struggles arise between the legal system and minority groups
what are economic consequences of delinquency
destruction of property, lost days of work/school decreases societies productivity
