chapter 6 risky behaviour

Question 1

what is delinquency

Answer 1

a type of deviance, but specifically done by children

Question 2

What does Matza’s delinquency and drift discuss

Answer 2

techniques of neutralization (justifying their actions) used by delinquents

Question 3

what is the OSDUHS? What was the main finding

Answer 3

Longest continuing school survey in Canada that started in Toronto, purpose was to learn about social trends (second in America)

found that boys get into more trouble than girls

Question 4

what other two main findings were there in the survey

Answer 4

1. females are more likely to report running away from home

2. older students are more likely than younger students to engage in delinquent behaviour

Question 5

In the 2009 study, what were the 3 highest ranked delinquent behaviours

Answer 5

1. Fire setting (arson) 14%
2. Theft of goods (14%)
3. Vandalism (14%)

Question 6

Why is this not an easy time for young people

Answer 6

because unemployment rates are high, youths suffer from low self-esteem/depression, and many have been victimized by violence/abuse at home

Question 7

why do people break rules

Answer 7

when they believe they have something to gain by doing so and have nothing to lose, ex.theft

Question 8

What did Hirschi argue

Answer 8

that without controls, people are more likely to commit delinquent or criminal acts, we all have a chance of becoming delinquent

it comes from a lack of attachment to society

Question 9

what is conformity

Answer 9

need to avoid delinquency, being “normal”

Question 10

what four social bonds promote conformity

Answer 10

1. Attachment -interest in others (attached to schools
2. Commitment - effort spend in a social activity (going to school)
3. Involvement (time spent on social activity
4. Belief - faith in the laws of society

Question 11

what is risky behaviour tied to

Answer 11

the search for independence, adulthood and acceptance

particularly with boys since they work extra hard to be accepted/independent

Question 12

What is John Hagans Power Control theory

Answer 12

That in middle class families (husband and wife have equal roles) sons and daughters receive the same treatment/supervision 
And in working class families (unequal work roles) sons are given more freedom which is why they are more likely to be deviant

Question 13

what do studies indicate about aggression problems In children

Answer 13

30-40 percent of children with aggression problems grow up to have problems w violence

Question 14

Are girls and boys bullied and do they bully at the same rate

Answer 14

yes, boys are more physical and girls are more verbal

Question 15

how does “age” play a role in bullying

Answer 15

ages 4-12 is same sex bullying, 11-18 expands to opposite sex bullying.
Victimization decreases across grade levels

Question 16

what percent of episodes occurs in the context of a peer group

Answer 16

85%

Question 17

what rates are adolescents bullied through the internet (phones)

Answer 17

29% and 24.6%

Question 18

why does cyberbullying [ose a greater threat to children’s emotional well-being

Answer 18

because it can happen anywhere at any time

Question 19

what percent of grade 10-12 students admitted to driving drunk

Answer 19

13%

Question 20

which drivers have the highest risk of car accidents

Answer 20

young men

Question 21

what percent of drivers (15-19) drank before being involved in an accident

Answer 21

60%

Question 22

what is an important factor in predicting juvenile crime and future criminal beaver

Answer 22

failure in school, leaving school early

among 24year old Canadians, the drop o8t rate was 16.6 percent (1990) but has fallen to 8.5

Question 23

what is a peer group

Answer 23

a group of interacting companions who show similar social characteristics, interests
after parents, peers influence a youths behaviour

Question 24

what. is a reference group

Answer 24

people who a child refers and compares themselves to

Question 25

what are the top three most common sites for youth crime

Answer 25

1. private residences (32%)
2. commercial establishments (23%)
3. outdoor public spaces (23%)

Question 26

what two crimes are common on School property

Answer 26

violent crime and drug violations

Question 27

where does non-violent crime usually take place

Answer 27

commercial establishments

Question 28

what ages account for3 in every 10 solved motor vehicle thefts

Answer 28

ages 15-18

Question 29

imparted driving offences in 2002 was highest among young adults of what age group

Answer 29

19-24

Question 30

what four problems to adolescents in Ontario suffer from (according to OSDUHS)

Answer 30

mental health
alcohol abuse
drug abuse
delinquent behaviour

Question 31

what did Frederick Thrasher believe

Answer 31

that gangs originate in the playgrounds of youth, they are created to create better societies for boys and grow out of a desire to be part off society

Question 32

what did Frederick Thrasher propose about gangs

Answer 32

that when group cohesion increases because of conflict w another group, the playgroup may evolve into a gang
becomes a gang when it forms group consciousness

Question 33

what did Whyte believe about gangs

Answer 33

that they have an organic relationship with he community in which it forms, a lack of contact with outsiders leads to high rates of social interaction within the gang, which makes them highly organized

Question 34

what did Albert Cohen note

Answer 34

that gang members resist pressures of home/school that regulate their activities 
delinquents in lower class communities create countercultures

Question 35

what five distinct types of “young gangs” did Robert gordon lay out

Answer 35

Youth groups (small groups fo friends)

Youth movements (groups in activities)

Criminal groups (friends that commit crimes together)

Criminal business organizations (participate in crimes for financial gain)

Street gangs (combined adults and youths)

Question 36

what are the three main methods of finding money for street youths

Answer 36

Panhandling (begging in street)
Social assistance
crime (usually prostitution)

Question 37

what did Hagan and McCarthy fid about street youth

Answer 37

a high number of street youth come from violent, sexually abusive, and dysfunctional families. Also a lack of necessities

Question 38

how many cases of child abuse were there in the US (1996) and who were the most common perpetrators
and what family income is more likely to be abusers

Answer 38

about 1 million
biological mothers (63%) and biological fathers (45%)
income of under 15,000 per year

Question 39

what do functionalists believe about delinquency (2 things)

Answer 39

crime/delinquency are a result of social disorganization

delinquent activities provide a new opportunity for cohesion (forming a group)

Question 40

what are 3 Symbolic Interactionalist theories about delinquency

Answer 40

1,being tabled as deviant depends on the reactions of others

2. effects in identify and self esteem through labeling are important
3. if a person is labeled deviant, opportunities for good behaviour disappear

Question 41

what is a critical theory about delinquency

Answer 41

power struggles arise between the legal system and minority groups

Question 42

what are economic consequences of delinquency

Answer 42

destruction of property, lost days of work/school decreases societies productivity