Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology Exam 2 > Chapter 6 Review > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Review Flashcards

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

essential nutrient

A

a substance that must be provided to an organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

macronutrient

A

required in large quantities

play principal roles in cell structure & metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are examples of MACROnutrients?

A

carbon
hydrogen
oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

micronutrient

A

Required in smaller amounts
Enzyme function & protein structure
Zinc, nickel & manganes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are examples of MICROnutrients?

A

Zinc, nickel & manganese

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Inorganic nutrient

A

an atom or simple molecule that contains a combination of atoms other than carbon and hydrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Natural reservoirs of inorganic compounds

A

are mineral deposits in the crust of the earth, bodies of water, and the atmosphere.
Ex: metals & their salts (magnesium sulfate, ferric nitrate, sodium phosphate, gases (oxygen, carbon dioxide), and water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What cellular components contain carbon?

A

Proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What cellular components contain nitrogen?

A

RNA (Nucleic Acids)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What cellular components contain phosphorus?

A

Carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What cellular components contain sulfur?

A

Lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

_____ is the most abundant of all the components. (70%)

A

water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

_____ are the second most prevalent chemical.

A

proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

About 97% of the dry cell weight is composed of ________

A

organic compounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

About 96% of the dry cell weight is composed of the six elements _ _ _ _ _ _

A

CHONPS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the importance of micronutriends referring to toxic stuff

A

Some metals can be toxic to microbes
copper
silver
gold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the importance of micronutrients?

Sodium, Calcium, Magnesium, Iron?

A

Sodium: cell transport
Calcium: stabilizes cell wall; endospore formation (Bacillus & Clostridium)
Magnesium: Chlorophyll; stabilizes ribosomes
Iron: Component of the cytochrome proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Give examples of metals that are toxic to microbes.

A

Copper, silver & gold

19
Q

What is the microbial cytoplasm composed of?

A

70% water

96% of dry weight: CHONPS

20
Q

Cells synthesize over _______ different compounds.

A

5,000

21
Q

The main determinants of a microbe’s nutritional type are its sources of _____ & ______.

A

carbon & energy

22
Q

Heterotroph

A

“other feeder” that must obtain its carbon in an organic form; other organisms

23
Q

Autotroph

A

“self feeder” Use CO2 as carbon source; because they can convert CO2 into organic compounds, they are not nutritionally dependent on other living things.
Atmosphere → organic compounds

24
Q

Phototroph

A

microbes that photosynthesize

25
Q

Chemotroph

A

microbes that gain energy from chemical compounds

26
Q

Photoautotrophs

A

capture the energy of light rays and transform it into chemical energy that can be used in cell metabolism

27
Q

Chemoautotrophs

A

Two types: chemoorganic autotrophs & lithoautotrophs
They remove electrons from inorganic substrates such as hydrogen gas, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur, or iron, and combine them with carbon dioxide and hydrogen.

28
Q

Chemoautotrophs: chemoorganic autotrophs

A

use organic compounds for energy and inorganic compounds as a carbon source

29
Q

Chemoautotrophs: lithoautotrophs

A

requires neither sunlight nor organic nutrients, relying totally on inorganic materials.

30
Q

What are the carbon and energy sources of chemoheterotroph?

A

Carbon sources: organic compounds

Energy sources: organic compounds

31
Q

Saprobes

A

free-living microorganisms that feed primarily on organic detritus from dead organisms

32
Q

Parasites

A

derive nutrients from cells or tissues of a living host

33
Q

Ectoparasites

A

live on the body

34
Q

Endoparasites

A

live in the organs and tissues

35
Q

intracellular parasites

A

live within cells

36
Q

obligate parasites

A

unable to grow outside of host

37
Q

essential

A

chemicals that are necessary for particular organisms, which cannot manufacture by themselves

38
Q

For microbes, what are the essential nutrients?

A 
CHONPS
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Phosphate
Sulfur
39
Q

How do microbes “eat”?

A

Transport of nutrients occurs across the cell membrane

40
Q

The driving force of transport is ___ and ____ movement.

A

atomic; molecular

41
Q

How does diffusion “work”?

A

Molecular movement, in which atoms or molecules move in a gradient from an area of higher density or concentration to an area of lower density or concentration

42
Q

Diffusion across the cell membrane is determined by:

A

concentration gradient

permeability of the substance

43
Q

Osmosis

A

diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

44
Q

Tonicity:
Isotonic
Hypotonic
Hypertonic

A

Isotonic=same
hypotonic=water rushes in
hypertonic=water rushes out

Microbiology Exam 2 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions