Chapter 6: Reproductive System Concerns Flashcards
Absence of menses by the age of 15 with normal growth and development.
Primary Amenorrhea
Absence of menses within 5 years of breast development, or 6 months after menarche.
Secondary Amenorrhea
Causes of Amenorrhea
pregnancy
endocrine disorders
female athlete triad
eating disorders
osteoporosis
decreased estrogen
(r/t training too hard and poor nutrition)
Dysmenorrhea
Pain during or shortly before menstruation, often overlooked and dismissed.
Primary Dysmenorrhea
caused by the excessive release of prostaglandinsj
Mitigates prostaglandin systhesis
NSAIDs
Associated with pelvic fibroids
Secondary Dysmenorrhea
Dysmenorrhea treatments
Heating pad
Exercise
Relaxation techniques
low sodium diet
natural diuretics
low fat diet
vitamin E supplementation
NSAIDs
An excessive amount of bleeding
Menorrhagia
PMDD
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
more sever than PMS
stigmatized as normal for females
PMS
presents as psychological, physical, and behavioral symptoms
PMS
PMS s/sx
Fluid retention
Pelvic fulness
Breast tenderness
Weight gain
Depression
Irritability
Impaired concentration
Cravings
HA
Fatigue
Stigmatized, varying s/sx.
treatment of PMS/PMDD
treat the symptoms
Diet modification; low sodium
Exercise
Smoking cessation
Evening primrose oil – essential fatty acid that converts to a precursor to PGs
Relaxation
Calcium/magnesium
Vitamin B6 – nerves, irritability, concentration
Vitamin D3 – mood booster
Growth of tissue outside of the uterus
endometriosis
Dysmenorrhea
Abnormal uterine bleeding
Painful intercourse
Infertility
S/sx of endometriosis
Cure for enometriosis
total hysterectomy
Can take 6-12 months to decrease the number of adhesions in endometriosis
OCPs (Oral Contraceptive Pills)
menses without ovulation
anovulation
Age for menarche
13
Vasomotor instability
hot flash
Anovulation
Menstrual cycle longer than 28 days (weeks to months longer)
decreased progesterone
elevated FSH
s/sx of menopause
genital changes in menopause
atrophy of vagina and vulva
Health risk of menopause
Osteoporosis r/t loss of estrogen
coronary heart disease r/t changes in hormones that alter metabolism of lipids
increases the risk of breast cancer even 5 years after stopping treatment
Menopausal hormonal therapy
side effects of Menopausal Hormonal Therapy
HA, depression, brown spots on the skin. Personal history of breast cancer are also increased risk of getting breast cancer.
Treatment for vasomotor instability
SSRIs, gabapentin
alternative treatment for hot flashes
vitamin E or soy
A woman complains of severe abdominal and pelvic pain around the time of menstruation that has gotten worse over the last 5 years. She also complains of pain during intercourse and has tried unsuccessfully to get pregnant for the past 18 months. These symptoms are most likely related to:
A) Endometriosis
B) Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
C) Primary dysmenorrhea
D) Secondary dysmenorrhea
Endometriosis – the longer they go without treatment increases the risk for infertility. The adhesions have a direct impact on infertility
