Ch 10 Problems of the Breast Flashcards
micromastia
very small underdeveloped breasts
macromastia
large breasts that cause back or shoulder pain
most common benign condition of the breasts
cystic masses
breast pain
mastalgia
mastalgia assessment
characteristics of pain
pattern
is it cyclic?
is the pain concentrated?
What mass is:
- moveable
- soft
- has well differentiated borders
cystic masses
Treatment of fluid and solid built cysts
fluid: aspiration of the fluid
solid: no treatment
cystic mass pharmacological interventions
NASAIDs
OCPs
cystic mass alternative treatments
evening primrose oil
benign solid masses
fibroadenoma
risk factors for infections of the breast
smoking, impairment of the skin, diabetes
inflammation of the skin on the breast
cellulitis
____% of lumps are discovered by ________________.
90%, BSE (Breast Self Examination)
Nursing actions for BSE
1) Educate on same time and pattern
2) provide written eduation
3) offer therapeutic communication.
The most significant concern for potential malignant conditions of the breast.
Unilateral changes.
A woman presents to a health care clinic complaining of a lump in her breast. Which finding is highly suggestive of breast cancer?
A) Pain in her breasts bilaterally prior to menses
B) Newly retracted right nipple
C) Left breast larger than the right
D) Milky discharge expressed from both breasts
D) Newly retracted right nipple
2nd leading cause of death in women
Breast cancer
Breast cancer survival rate
83%
The most important preventative treatment to breast cancer.
Early detetction
Genetic anomalies predisposing women to breast cancer.
BRCA 1
BRCA 2
Protocol for detected BRCA 1 and/or 2 genetic mutations.
- biannual breast exams with imaging
- chemoprevention (prophylactically)
- potential choice of mastectomy (unilateral/bilateral)
Most common type of breast cancer
Ductal Carcinoma
Effect the rate of cancer growth
estrogen
progesterone
other subtypes of hormone and receptors.
Nonpalpable tumors are found in:
the lobules
often misdiagnosed as mastitis
Inflammatory breast cancer
Reddish discolored rash, typically presents as stage 2
inflammatory breast cancer
Cancer cells enter the blood and travel to other areas of the body. i.e., the bones, brain, lung, and liver.
metastasize
Gold standard diagnostic tool
Mammography
lumpectomy
take out the tumor and small margin of healthy tissue
mastectomy
removal of the breast tissue. MOST INVASIVE
skin irritation
heaviness in breasts
fatigue
radiation side effects
Side effects of Tamoxifen
cataracts
endometrial cancer
weight gain
stroke
hot flashes
DVT
mood changes
Tamoxifen
hormonal therapy
presence of the BRCA gene increases the likelihood of breast cancer to
85%
