Ch 10 Problems of the Breast Flashcards

1
Q

micromastia

A

very small underdeveloped breasts

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2
Q

macromastia

A

large breasts that cause back or shoulder pain

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3
Q

most common benign condition of the breasts

A

cystic masses

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4
Q

breast pain

A

mastalgia

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5
Q

mastalgia assessment

A

characteristics of pain
pattern
is it cyclic?
is the pain concentrated?

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6
Q

What mass is:
- moveable
- soft
- has well differentiated borders

A

cystic masses

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7
Q

Treatment of fluid and solid built cysts

A

fluid: aspiration of the fluid
solid: no treatment

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8
Q

cystic mass pharmacological interventions

A

NASAIDs
OCPs

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9
Q

cystic mass alternative treatments

A

evening primrose oil

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10
Q

benign solid masses

A

fibroadenoma

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11
Q

risk factors for infections of the breast

A

smoking, impairment of the skin, diabetes

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12
Q

inflammation of the skin on the breast

A

cellulitis

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13
Q

____% of lumps are discovered by ________________.

A

90%, BSE (Breast Self Examination)

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14
Q

Nursing actions for BSE

A

1) Educate on same time and pattern
2) provide written eduation
3) offer therapeutic communication.

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15
Q

The most significant concern for potential malignant conditions of the breast.

A

Unilateral changes.

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16
Q

A woman presents to a health care clinic complaining of a lump in her breast. Which finding is highly suggestive of breast cancer?

A) Pain in her breasts bilaterally prior to menses
B) Newly retracted right nipple
C) Left breast larger than the right
D) Milky discharge expressed from both breasts

A

D) Newly retracted right nipple

17
Q

2nd leading cause of death in women

A

Breast cancer

18
Q

Breast cancer survival rate

A

83%

19
Q

The most important preventative treatment to breast cancer.

A

Early detetction

20
Q

Genetic anomalies predisposing women to breast cancer.

A

BRCA 1
BRCA 2

21
Q

Protocol for detected BRCA 1 and/or 2 genetic mutations.

A
  • biannual breast exams with imaging
  • chemoprevention (prophylactically)
  • potential choice of mastectomy (unilateral/bilateral)
22
Q

Most common type of breast cancer

A

Ductal Carcinoma

23
Q

Effect the rate of cancer growth

A

estrogen
progesterone
other subtypes of hormone and receptors.

24
Q

Nonpalpable tumors are found in:

A

the lobules

25
Q

often misdiagnosed as mastitis

A

Inflammatory breast cancer

26
Q

Reddish discolored rash, typically presents as stage 2

A

inflammatory breast cancer

27
Q

Cancer cells enter the blood and travel to other areas of the body. i.e., the bones, brain, lung, and liver.

A

metastasize

28
Q

Gold standard diagnostic tool

A

Mammography

29
Q

lumpectomy

A

take out the tumor and small margin of healthy tissue

30
Q

mastectomy

A

removal of the breast tissue. MOST INVASIVE

31
Q

skin irritation
heaviness in breasts
fatigue

A

radiation side effects

32
Q

Side effects of Tamoxifen

A

cataracts
endometrial cancer
weight gain
stroke
hot flashes
DVT
mood changes

33
Q

Tamoxifen

A

hormonal therapy

34
Q

presence of the BRCA gene increases the likelihood of breast cancer to

A

85%