Chapter 6 - Religion, Humanism and the Arts Flashcards
What are some of the way in which the church had centrality in peoples’ lives.
- Provided the focus for popular entertainment
- Festivals (linked to agriculture) provided enjoyment
- Guilds and confraternities offered charity and fellowship
- Gave ordinary people a chance to contribute to the good of their local community
Did the Pope interfere with the running of the State?
Not for the most part. The papacy was content with the way Henry used the Church’s wealth to reward churchmen of high political office. There was an Erastian relationship between the church and state.
How was the Church administered (run) in England?
Through two provinces: Canterbury and York, each under the jurisdiction of an archbishop and 17 dioceses under the care and control of a bishop, some of which enjoyed considerable wealth (e.g. Winchester and Durham).
Who were the two most powerful churchmen under Henry VII?
What skills did senior churchmen have?
- John Morton and Richard Fox.
- Highly competent, conscientious professionals, often had legal training, performed their duties to both the church and state efficiently, administrative skills to run complex organisations, and demonstrate spirituality.
Why was the parish Church so important in mediaeval England?
Because it provided the outward structure of (religious) community life which believed that prayers made together were the most powerful, a framework for controlling how an individual thought, reasoned and behaved and a way for people to acquire grace and reach heaven with minimal time in purgatory.
What was Corpus Christi?
Literally means ‘the body of Christ’. A Catholic feast that celebrates the ‘blessed sacrament’, developing its importance in the 13th century with the increasing emphasis on transubstantiation.
Who invested in the Church, what were they called and why did they invest?
- Lay People (a person who is not trained, qualified, or experienced in a particular subject or activity) and dying people, in their wills.
- To enhance the beauty of worship, ensure the remembrance of the benefactor (those who made donations) and reduce the time a benefactor would spend in purgatory.
What are chantries? What is the role of the chantry priest?
- Chapels were Masses for the souls of the dead took place to reduce the time a benefactor would spend in purgatory.
- Intercession (saying a prayer/intervening with God on behalf of) for the soul of his patron.
Where would people visit on pilgrimage?
The Tomb of a Saint (e.g. Thomas Becket in Canterbury), a shrine built where the Virgin Mary had reportedly visited (e.g.Walsingham in Norfolk), walking around parish boundaries (aka ‘beating the bounds’).
Name 3 monastic orders and 3 orders of the friar.
What is the difference?
- Benedictines (named in honour of their founder St Benedict), Cistercians and Carthusians.
- The Dominicans ( a preaching order), the Franciscans and the Augustinians.
Orders of friars seemed to recruit from lower down the social scale than the larger monasteries.
How many monks and monasteries were there in England by 1500?
- 1% of all adult males in England were monks
- 900 monastries
Who were the Lollards? What did they believe?
What were they accused of?
- They placed stress on the understanding of the Bible and were sceptical about the Eucharist and transubstantiation and considered the Catholic Church corrupt, denying the idea of the special status of the priesthood.
- Lollard views were considered heresy (denial of the validity of the Church doctrines). Had a failed uprising in 1414 and then there movement began to decline.
