Chapter 6 pt. 1 Flashcards
What does the human skeleton initially consist of?
cartilage, which is later replaced by bone
perichondrium
layer of dense connective tissue
surrounding cartilage like a girdle
What are the three types of cartilage?
hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage
Seven functions of bones
support, protection, anchorage, mineral and growth factor storage, blood cell formation, triglyceride storage, and hormone production
hematopoiesis means what?
making blood or blood production
- red bone marrow does this
osteocalcin
protein hormone found in bone
axial skeleton
appendicular skeleton
four bone shapes and examples
Three levels of structure
gross, microscopic, and chemical
Gross
Compact bone
the dense outer layer of bone surrounded by the periosteum
Gross
Spongey Bone
the inner layer of bone surrounded by the endosteum
Gross
Diaphysis
tubular shaft that forms long axis of bone
- all long bones have a diaphysis
Gross
Epiphyses
ends of long bones that consist of compact bone externally and spongy bone internally
- all long bones have a epiphyses
Gross
Membranes
two types (periosteum and endosteum)
Gross
Periosteum
glistening white, double-layered membrane that covers external surfaces except joints
- two layers: fibrous (dense connective tissue) and osteogenic (bone-making layer)
Gross
Endosteum
connective tissue membrane covering internal bone surface (spongey bone)
Gross
nutrient foramen
where blood supply goes into the bone
Gross
Bone markings (three types)
Sites of muscle, ligament, and tendon attachment on external surfaces
- types: projections (sites of muscle and ligament attachment), surfaces (help form joints), and depressions and openings (serve as passageways for vessels and nerves)
