Chapter 6: Promoting Health in Australia Flashcards
1
Q
Health promotion
A
- Process that enables people to improve their health by ↑ their control over social, environmental & economic factors
- Relies on the coordination of organisations beyond health services to address a wide range of health issues
- E.g. education, legislations, regulations and social marketing
2
Q
Features of effective health promotion
A
- Long term affordability with adequate funding
- Respectful of the culture and values of its target group
- Planning and decision making involves locals
- Empowers people with skills and knowledge
- Allows for feedback
- Reaches vulnerable population groups
- Involves partnerships (government, private organisations and community groups working together)
- Accessible i.e. location and opening hours
3
Q
What to look for when asked to evaluate the effectiveness of health promotion
A
-
Rise or fall in relevant health statistics
- E.g. decreased mortality rates from skin cancer
-
High participation/engagement rates
- E.g. high installment rate of the My QuitBuddy app
-
Behavioural changes among individuals/groups
- E.g. lower rates of intoxicated driving
4
Q
Why is smoking targeted?
Health promotion
A
- Risk factor for cancer, CVD, reproductive problems in women, diabetes mellitus and arthritis
- Also affects nonsmokers via passive smoking
- Leading contributor to death and burden of disease
- Further increases inequities in health as vulnerable population groups are more likely to smoke
5
Q
Barriers to quitting and enablers to smoking
A
-
Barriers
- Low confidence in ability to quit
- Lack of support from friends and family
- Perceived cost of nicotine replacement therapy
- Heavy nicotine dependence
-
Enablers
- Parental and peer smoking
- Daily stress
- Marketing by tobacco companies
- Limited opportunities for enjoyment and recreation
6
Q
Examples of health promotion to address smoking
A
-
QUIT Program by Cancer Council Victoria
- Encourages and supports people to quit smoking
- Mainly for preventative health reasons
-
National Tobacco Campaign
- Focuses on vulnerable groups e.g. ATSI or rural groups
-
My QuitBuddy app
- Helps individuals quit smoking on their own terms
7
Q
How QUIT reflects the OCHP
A
- B – assisted in implementing laws e.g. tobacco ad ban
- C – improved the physical environment by working to ban smoking in public places (↓ impact of passive smoking)
- S – collaborates with VicHealth, schools and community groups to increase the success of its initiatives
- D – invests in media campaigns to provide advice and strategies to assist quitting
- R – provides learning opportunities for health professionals to support their patients in quitting
8
Q
How the National Tobacco Campaign reflects the OCHP
A
- C – developed the MQB app to offer encouragement and support for people trying to quit
- S – works with the WHO to combat smoking in Aus
- D – provides information and advice via its website
- R – provides health professional specialised info to assist them in supporting individuals to quit
9
Q
Why is road safety targeted?
A
- Transport accidents are a leading cause of hospitalisation
- Transport accident deaths are preventable
- Road crashes have a significant economic impact (i.e. cost of treatment, rehabilitation, lost productivity and income)
10
Q
Factors that promote road safety
A
- Roads – good road signage and tactile edging on roads
- Drivers – practising driving etiquette e.g. eliminating distractions such as mobile devices
- Vehicles – safety features e.g. emergency brakes
- Road laws – speed limits and mandatory seatbelts
11
Q
Examples of health promotion to address road safety
A
-
Towards Zero
- Aims to save lives and reduce injuries
- Believes that everyone has a shared responsibility
-
Australasian New Car Assessment Program (ANCAP)
- Makes consumers more aware of the safety of the vehicle
- Encourages manufacturers to make their vehicles safer
12
Q
Risk factors for skin cancer
A
- Ultra violet (UV) radiation – exposure can damage DNA and increase the risk of skin cancer
- Family history – those who have a family history of skin cancer are at a significantly higher risk of developing it
- Age – risk of being diagnosed generally increases with age
- Skin type – melanin in the skin protects it from the sun (puts people with fairer skin at greater risk)
- Gender – males (more likely to work outdoors) tend to be more susceptible than females
13
Q
Why is skin cancer targeted?
A
- One of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in Au
- It poses significant economic burden (expensive to treat)
- It is mostly preventable
NOTE: Skin cancer is the uncontrolled and abnormal growth of skin cells.
14
Q
Features of effective health promotion programs for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples
A
- Presented in a culturally appropriate manner e.g. implementing relevant cultural traditions
- Access to interpreter services to address language barriers
- Accessible (e.g. located in places that ATSI peoples reside)
- Addresses the needs of the Indigenous community
- Delivered, planned and implemented by Indigenous people
- Focuses on education and developing knowledge
- Fosters partnerships and collaboration
15
Q
Close the Gap campaign
A
- Aims to improve the health and LE of ATSI peoples so that it reaches the same standard of the rest of Australia’s population
- Targets:
- Sustainably ↓ violence against ATSI women & children
- ↑ proportion of ATSI peoples living in adequate housing
- ↑ proportion of ATSI students in the top 2 NAPLAN bands
