Chapter 6 - Perception & Individual Decision Making

Question 1

Perception

Answer 1

A process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment.

Question 2

Attribution Theory

Answer 2

An attempt to determine whether an individual’s behavior is internally or externally caused.

Question 3

Fundamental Attribution Error

Answer 3

The tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal factors when making judgements about the behavior of others.

Question 4

Self-Serving Bias

Answer 4

The tendency for individual’s to attribute their own success to internal factors, and their failures to external factors.

Question 5

Selective Perception

Answer 5

The tendency to selectively interpret what one sees on the basis of one’s interests, background, experiences, and attitude.

Question 6

Halo Effect

Answer 6

The tendency to draw a general impression about an individual based on a single characteristic.

Question 7

Contrast Effect

Answer 7

Evaluation of a person’s characteristics that is affected by comparisons with other people recently encountered who rank higher or lower on the same characteristics.

Question 8

Sterotyping

Answer 8

Judging someone on the basis of one’s perception of the group to which that person belongs.

Question 9

Self-fulfilling Prophecy

Answer 9

A situation in which a person inaccurately perceives another person, and the resulting expectations cause the second person to behave in a way that is consistent with the perception.

Question 10

Rational Decision-Making Model

Answer 10

A decision-making model that describes how individuals should behave in order to maximize certain outcomes.

Question 11

Bounded Rationality

Answer 11

We quickly find an answer to formulate and solve complex problems with full rationality.

Question 12

Intuition Decision-Making

Answer 12

An unconscious decision-making process resulting from a distilled experience.

Question 13

Perception Is Influence By 3 Key Things

Answer 13

1. The characteristics of the perceiver,
2. The target- the person or group being observed
3. The situation

Question 14

Rational Decision-Making Model (6 Steps)

Answer 14

1. Define problem
2. Identify decision criteria
3. Allocate weights to the criteria
4. Develop alternatives
5. Evaluate alternatives
6. Select best option or alternative