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Meteorology 110 > Chapter 6 Part 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Atmospheric Stability

A

The ability of the air to return to its origin after displacement

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2
Q

Adiabatic Process

A

A process that takes place without a transfer of heat between the system (such as a parcel of air) and its surroundings (environmental air)

Compression always results in warming, and expansion always results in cooling

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3
Q

Dry Adiabatic Lapse Rate

A

The rate of change of temperature in a rising or descending unsaturated air parcel

10C per 1000 meters (km)

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4
Q

Dew-Point Lapse Rate

A

2.0oC per 1000 m (km)

Parcel Temperature and Dew-Point Converge

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5
Q

Moist Adiabatic Lapse Rate

A

Relative Humidity values will increase with height

Condensation occurs when the parcel temperature and dew point temperature merge (RH = 100%)

Latent Heat is released inside the parcel

Latent Heat added to the parcel during the condensation process will offset the cooling of the parcel due to the expansion of the parcel

The dew-point lapse rate will change to the moist lapse rate when the parcel reaches saturation.

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6
Q

Moist Adiabatic Lapse Rate

A

6C per 1000 m (km)

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7
Q

Determining Stability

A

Depends on a Comparison of:
Parcel Temperature
against
Environmental Temperature

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8
Q

Environmental Temperature

A

Measured by Radiosonde Balloon

Vertical temperature profile of the atmosphere

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9
Q

Environmental Lapse Rate

A

Change in the Atmospheric or Environmental Temperatures

with Height

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10
Q

Absolutely Stable

A

When the Environmental Lapse Rate Is Less Than the Moist Adiabatic Lapse Rate of 6°C/km the atmospheric condition is Absolutely Stable.

A Parcel of Air Must Be Forced to Rise under this condition because it will not rise freely on its own.

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11
Q

Temperature Inversion

A

An area within the vertical temperature profile where the temperatures are increasing with height

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12
Q

Absolutely Unstable

A

When the Environmental Lapse Rate Is Greater Than the Dry Adiabatic Lapse Rate of 10°C/km, the atmospheric condition is Absolutely Unstable

A Parcel of Air will Rise On It’s Own because at any altitude the parcel will be lighter than the surrounding air.

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13
Q

Conditionally Unstable

A

When Environmental Lapse Rate Is Between the Dry and Moist Adiabatic Lapse Rates

The moisture content of parcel will determine the state of stability.

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14
Q

Causes of Instability

A

Cool the air above

Warm the air near the surface

Combination of both

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15
Q

Dry Adiabatic Lapse Rate

A

10.0˚C/1,000 m (km)
5.5oF/1,000 ft
3oC/1,000 ft

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16
Q

Dew Point Lapse Rate

A

2˚C/1,000 m (km)
1oF/1,000 ft
.5oC/1,000 ft

17
Q

Convective Condensation Level

A

The height above the surface marking the base of a cumuliform cloud

18
Q

Cloud base

A

cloud base= ( temperature- Dewpoint)

                 - ------------------------------------    X1,000ft
                                    2. 5C
19
Q

Topography

A

Orographic Uplift
The lifting of air over a topographic barrier

Windward & Leeward Side of Mountain

Rain Shadow
A region on the leeward side of a mountain where the precipitation is noticeably less than on the windward side

Lifted Condensation Level (LCL)
The level at which a parcel of air, when lifted dry adiabatically, would become saturated

20
Q

Widespread Ascent

A

Cyclonic Storm Systems
-Surface Convergence

Cyclonic Storm Systems
-Low Pressure Systems

21
Q

Frontal Lifting

A

Associated with low pressure systems

Warm Fronts
-Gentle lifting of warm air over hundreds of miles of
colder more dense air near the surface
-Stable Air

Cold Fronts
-Warm air forced upward by approaching colder more
dense air

22
Q

Frontal Lifting( Cold Fronts-Cumuliform Clouds)

A

Cumulus Humilis
Cumulus Congestus
Cumulonimbus

23
Q

Frontal Lifting ( Warm Front – Stratiform Clouds

A

Altostratus
Stratus
Nimbostratus
Cirrostratus

Meteorology 110 (15 decks)

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