Chapter 6: Nutrition, Feeding and Digestion Flashcards
Function and fate of chemicals and energy animals ingest
- Chemicals are absorbed and their energy is used in biosynthesis, maintenance, and generation of work. Leaves mainly as heat.
- Heat is the ultimate form of energy due to friction and viscosity
Proteins
- polypeptide chains of amino acids with N.
- Function as enzymes, in muscles, antibodies, hormones, globins, membrane proteins.
- most chemically diverse, require an array of enzymes to break them down.
Nonessential amino acids
can be synthesized by an animal
essential amino acids
cannot be synthesized, must be absorbed fully formed from an outside source
Lipids
Fatty acids, fat and oils
- function in cell membranes, myelin, storage, waterproofing, insulation and hormones
- stored in bodies as energy source, present in large amounts
- FAT HAS GREATEST DENSITY OF MACRONUTRIENTS
Carbs
sugars, starches, cellulose, chitin.
- function in structure, storage and transport.
- stored as energy source, LOWEST ENERGY DENSITY OF MACRONUTRIENTS
- Principle fuel source for central nervous system
Vitamins/Minerals
“Micronutrients” organic (vitamins) and inorganic (minerals)
- function as coenzymes, antioxidants, photoreceptors
- Stored or not, not used for energy
Macrophagy
(eating big chunks) includes; suction feeding, grazing, browsing, biting and ram feeding
Suction feeding
sucking in water and food
ram feeding
swimming over, engulfing prey
microphagy
eating small particles; includes suspension feeding, pumping, filter feeding, mucus entrapment, cross-flow filtration and ram feeding.
autotrophic symbiont
Use algae to synthesize organic molecules from inorganic precursors like light.
heterotrophic symbiont
require organic compounds from external sources
Heatgut
(IN VERTEBRATES)-consists of digestive tract in head and neck
-Capture and engulf prey
Foregut
(VERTEBRATES) - esophagous, stomach, crop or gizzard
-moves food to stomach, pepsin secrete to digest proteins
-acidic environment activates pepsinogens
(ARTHROPODS) - mechanical processing and storage