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Biology > Chapter 6-Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis > Flashcards

Chapter 6-Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

what are nucleotides made up of?

A
  1. a base
  2. a pentose sugar
  3. a phosphate group
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2
Q

different bases in DNA

A
  1. Adenine
  2. Thymine
  3. Cytosine
  4. Guanine
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3
Q

what is one base found in only RNA?

A

uracil

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4
Q

how many hydrogen bonds between different bases in DNA and RNA?

A

DNA:
A and T: 2 hydrogen bonds
C and G: 3 hydrogen bonds

RNA:
A and U: 2 hydrogen bonds
C and G: 3 hydrogen bonds

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5
Q

what are purines and name all purines

A

2 ring structured

  1. adenine
  2. guanine
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6
Q

what are pyrimidine and name all pyrimidines

A

single ring structure

  1. cytosine
  2. thymine
  3. uracil
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7
Q

what is a bond between sugar and phosphate called?

A

phosphodiester bond

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8
Q

what is the name given to the two strands of DNA as one goes from 3 to 5 and the other goes from 5 to 3?

A

anti parallel

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9
Q

by what rule do the bases of DNA and RNA join together?

A

complementary base pairing

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10
Q

types of DNA replication

A
  1. conservative replication
  2. semi-conservative replication
  3. dispersive replication
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11
Q

steps of semi-conservative replication

A
  1. DNA doubles helix unwinds as the hydrogen bonds breaks with the help of helicase
  2. there are free nucleotides in the nucleus with 2 extra phosphates
  3. these bases attach on either of the strands to its complementary base
  4. the extra phosphates break off
  5. DNA polymerase links everything together and makes DNA into a double helix again
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12
Q

change in gene is called

A

mutation

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13
Q

what are the 2 steps in protein synthesis? (in order)

A
  1. transcription

2. translation

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14
Q

describe transcription

A
  1. happens in the nucleus
  2. helicase unwinds the DNA strand
  3. the RNA complementary bases join to the DNA bases
  4. RNA polymerase joins these RNA bases together to make a strand which is called mRNA which is then sent out of the nucleus
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15
Q

what are a triplet of bases on the mRNA called?

A

codon

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16
Q

what are a triplet of bases on the tRNA called?

A

anticodon

17
Q

describe translation

A
  1. happens in the cytoplasm
  2. mRNA attaches to the ribosome
  3. tRNA with complementary bases to the mRNA attaches to it. on the other end of the tRNA is an amino acid
  4. first amino acid is always methionine
  5. two tRNA attach to the mRNA at once
  6. when another tRNA comes with the amino acid, the pervious amino acid and present one form a peptide bond and the first tRNA leaves the mRNA.
  7. at the end of mRNA, there is a stop codon which indicates that thr protein is made.

Biology (9 decks)

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