Chapter 6: Nomenclature Flashcards
True/false: Cancer is a genetic disorder caused by DNA mutations.
True, this can be due to exposure of mutagens, aging
Are genetic alteration in cancer cells heritable?
Yes (they are passed from mother-daugher cells)
Mutations and epigenetic alterations impart to cancer cells a set of properties. How are they collectively referred to?
Cancer hallmarks
What does neoplasia mean?
New growth
Why are neplastic cells said to be transformed?
Because they continue to replicate
What does oncos mean?
tumor
Is neoplasm the same as a tumor?
Jep
When is a tumor considered benign?
A tumor is said to be benign when its microscopic
and gross characteristics are considered to be rela- tively innocent, implying that it will remain localized and is amenable to local surgical removal.
When is a tumor considered malignant?
Malignant, as applied to a neoplasm, implies that the lesion can invade and destroy adjacent structures and spread to distant sites (metastasize) to cause death.
Is a benign/malignant tumor called cancer?
Only malignant is referred to as cancer
All tumores, benign and malignant, have two basic components. Which two?
(1) the parenchyma, made up of transformed or neoplastic cells, and (2) the supporting, host-derived, non-neoplastic stroma, made up of connective tissue, blood vessels, and host-derived inflammatory cells
What are the (overall) differences between benign vs malignent?
Benign:
- small
- well demarcated
- well differentiated
- slow growing
- noninvasive
- nonmetastic
Malignant:
- large
- poorly demarcated
- poorly differentiated
- rapidly growing
- locally invasive
- metastatic
Does the suffix -oma mean that a cell is benign or malignant?
Benign
What is an adenoma?
An adenoma is a benign tumor of epithelial tissue with glandular origin, glandular characteristics, or both
What are papillomas?
Benign epithelial neoplasms, growing on any surface, that produce fingerlike fronds
