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GCSE Computing > Chapter 6 - Networks > Flashcards

Chapter 6 - Networks Flashcards

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1
Q

Network

A

Collection of connected computers and their peripherals

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2
Q

LAN

A

Local area network, confined to one site

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3
Q

WAN

A

Wide area network, covers a large geographical area

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4
Q

NIC

A

Network interface cards has a unique MAC number (stored in ROM) for identification and generates electrical signals to allow connection

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5
Q

Hubs

A

Hardware that connects devices making them a network segment. Signals are transmitted to all connected devices

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6
Q

Switches

A

Connect network segments, signals only transmitted to intended device

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7
Q

Wireless access points

A

Allows connection to a LAN without need for cables, usually connected to router

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8
Q

Router

A

Receives data packets which are forwarded to destination, directs traffic through large networks, connects individual computers to the internet

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9
Q

Protocols

A

A set of rules that covers data communication

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10
Q

Data packets

A

Collections of data forming part of a message, sent on a network

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11
Q

Archives

A

Where old data no longer in use is stored

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12
Q

Failover

A

When a system detects a potential disaster and sends operations to a duplicate system

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13
Q

HTML

A

Hypertext markup language, is a text file that allows embedding of many elements and other scripting languages to a web page

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14
Q

XML

A

Extensible markup language allows separation of HTML display code and data (less HTML needed - smalller file size), allows users to create own tags

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15
Q

CSS

A

Cascading Style Sheets, adds design to a web page, stored outside of main HTML

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16
Q

Compression

A

Reducing file size to save storage space or reduce transmission times

17
Q

Lossy compression

A

Removing less important data from a file which cannot be recovered

18
Q

Lossless compression

A

Does not store repeated details so files can be reconstructed easily

19
Q

What are advantages of a LAN? (6)

A

1) Central data storage
2) Easily updated centrally
3) Computer use easily administrated
4) Security policy centrally administrated
5) Users can communicate
6) Peripherals can be shared

20
Q

What are disadvantages of a LAN? (3)

A

1) Specialist staff may be needed for maintenance
2) Network problems may affect all users
3) Data accessible from many places

21
Q

How can security problems caused by wireless access points be dealt with? (3)

A

1) Encryption
2) Hiding broadcast identities
3) Allowing access to only some MAC addresses

22
Q

Client-server network

A

One or more servers provide services to many machines - functions are handled by dedicated machines

23
Q

Servers

A

Computers that are set up to handle network functions e.g. database, mail, print servers

24
Q

Peer-to-peer netwroks

A

All computers are equal, each computer meets the needs of a user as well as carrying out network functions - easy to set up, can be used online to share files without going through server

25
Q

What are the disadvantages of peer-to-peer networks? (3)

A

1) More difficult to maintain
2) Poor security
3) Slow

26
Q

What is bus topology?

A

Nodes are attached to a single backbone with terminators. This means it is easy and cheap to set up but a problem can bring the whole network down and there are many data collisons - slow

27
Q

What is star topology?

A

Nodes are connected to a central switch or hub so problems do not affect the whole network and there are few data collisions, but can be expensive, more hardware and software is needed

28
Q

What is ring topology?

A

Data passes through each node carried in data units called tokens. There are no collisions but problems can bring the whole network down and it is vulnerable to malfunctions

29
Q

What is a host?

A

Computer systems that are accessed remotely and hold data

30
Q

What is DNS?

A

An internet protocol - domain name system - that translates domain names into IP addresses

31
Q

What can be included in an acceptable use policy?

A

Not transmitting offensive material, not using network for marketing, not accessing unauthorised material, not destroying data, not wasting staff time

32
Q

What is a modem?

A

Modulator-demodulator. Converts between analogue and digital signals

33
Q

Network bridge

A

Hardware that links networks together

34
Q

Network protocol

A

Rules and standards for data transfer

35
Q

TCP/IP

A

TCP - protocols for connection

IP - protocols for data reconstruction

36
Q

Domain name

A

Identifies resource on internet in human friendly way

37
Q

DSL

A

Digital subscriber line - uses POTS for internet

GCSE Computing (7 decks)

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