Chapter 6: Muscular System Flashcards
Acetylcholine
A chemical transmitter substance released by a certain nerve ending
Abduction
To move away from the midline of the body
Actin
A contractile protein
Action Potential
An electrical event occurring when a stimulus of sufficient intensity is applied to a neuron or muscle cell , allowing sodium ions to move into the cell and reverse the polarity
Adduction
To move toward the midline of the body
Aerobic Respiration
Respiration in which oxygen is consumed and glucose is broken down entirely ; water, carbon dioxide , and large amounts of ATP are the final products
Anaerobic Glycolysis
The transformation of glucose to pyruvate when limited amounts of O2 are avaliable
Antagonist
Muscles that act in opposition to an agonist or prime mover
Aponeuroses
Fibrous or membranous sheet connecting a muscle and the part it moves
Creatine Phosphate
An organic compound that provides a quick energy source for muscle fibers
Dorsiflexion
Up and down movement that includes lifting the foot so that it’s superior surface approaches the shin(standing on the heels)
Extension
Movement that increase the angle of a joint
Fixators
Muscles acting to immobilize a joint or a bone ; fixes the origin of a muscle so that muscle action can be exerted at the insertion
Flexion
Bending; the movement that decreases the angle between bones
Insertion
The movable attachment of a muscle as opposed to its origin
Lactic Acid
The product of anaerobic metabolism; especially in muscle
Motor unit
A motor neuron and all the muscle cells it supply
Myofibrils
Contractile organelles found in the cytoplasm of muscle cells
Myosin
One of the principal contractile proteins found in muscle
Neuromuscular Junction
The region where a motor neuron comes into close contact with a skeletal muscle cell
Neurotransmitter
Chemical released by neurons that May,upon binding to receptors of neurons or effector cells , stimulate or inhibit them
Origin
Attachment of a muscle that remains relatively fixed during muscular contraction
Oxygen debts
The volume of oxygen required after exercise to oxidize the lactic acid formed during exercise
Plantar flexion
Pertaining to the sole of the foot
Prime Mover
Muscle whose contraction are primarily responsible for a particular movement
Pronation
The inward rotation of the forearm causing the radius to cross over the ulna
Supination
The outward rotation of the forearm causing palms to face anteriorly
Synaptic cleft
The fluid filled space at a synapse between neurons
Synergist
Muscles cooperating with another muscle or muscle group to produce a desired movement
Tendons
Cord of dense fibrous tissue attaching a muscle to a bone
