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Bio Exam 3 > Chapter 6: Muscular System > Flashcards

Chapter 6: Muscular System Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the three types of muscle?

A

cardiac, smooth and skeletal.

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2
Q

All muscle cells are elongated and are called ________

A

muscle fibers

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3
Q

All muscle tissues _____

A

contract

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4
Q

Smooth muscles are ______ muscles found
in the walls of many internal organs (digestive
tract, respiratory system, blood vessels).

A

involuntary

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5
Q

Where are smooth muscles found?

A

walls of many internal organs (digestive

tract, respiratory system, blood vessels).

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6
Q

Which muscle Function to aid in the function of other organs?

A

Smooth

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7
Q

Cardiac muscles are ______ muscles found

only in the heart wall.

A

involuntary

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8
Q

How does cardiac muscle function?

A

Functions by contracting to force blood from the

heart into the arteries

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9
Q

Skeletal muscle are ______ muscles attached

to the skeleton.

A

voluntary

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10
Q

Skeletal muscles usually ______

A

Usually work in pairs

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11
Q

Most skeletal muscles are ______ pairs.

A

antagonistic

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12
Q

In antagonistic pairs One muscle _______, the other ______

A

contracts, relaxes

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13
Q

Muscles are attached to the bone by _____

A

tendons

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14
Q

Skeletal muscles are usually attached to two

bones on _____ sides of a joint

A

opposite

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15
Q

The _____ of the muscle is attached to the

bone that remains stationary during movement

A

origin

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16
Q

The ______ is attached to the bone that

moves

A

insertion

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17
Q

What are the functions of skeletal muscles?

A
  1. Support the body – maintain our posture
  2. Movement of bones, and other tissues
  3. Help maintain a constant body temperature
    – generates heat
  4. Helps move blood through the veins and
    lymphatic fluid through the lymphatic
    vessels
  5. Help to protect vital organs and stabilize
    joints
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18
Q

Muscles are covered by connective tissue

called ______

A

Fascia

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19
Q

What is fascia?

A

connective tissue that covers the muscle

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20
Q

the bundles of

muscle cells are called _____

A

fascicles

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21
Q

______ and _____ are between the fascicles.

A

Blood vessels and nerves

22
Q

Muscle cells are long cells called _____

A

muscle fibers

23
Q

The muscle fiber is composed of long thin

_______

A

myofibrils

24
Q

Myofibrils are bundles of _______ that

contracts.

A

myofilaments

25
Q

Myofilaments are made of ___ and _______

filaments.

A

actin and myosin

26
Q

When muscle fibers are stimulated to
contract, myofilaments ______ one
another, causing sarcomeres to ______.

A

slide past, shorten

27
Q

What is the Sarcolemma?

A

Plasma Membrane

28
Q

______ is similar to cytoplasm, contains

large amount of stored glycogen and myoglobin

A

Sacroplasm

29
Q

What is Myoglobin?

A

an oxygen binding protein similar

to hemoglobin, but found only in muscles

30
Q

______ is similar to endoplasmic

reticulum, one of its functions is to store Ca2+

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

31
Q

_____ are extensions of
the sarcolemma that come into contact with the
sarcoplasmic reticulum.

A

T-Tubules

32
Q

What kind of cell has multiple nuclei?

A

Muscle cells

33
Q

_________ is the name for the structural unit

of these myofilaments

A

Sarcomere

34
Q

The _____ are protein sheets

where the actin filaments attach

A

Z lines

35
Q

_____ are Thin filaments that formed by two
intertwining strands of the protein _____. Attached
to the Z line.

A

Actin, actin

36
Q

_____ are Thick filaments of the protein
______ shaped like a golf club, with a round
“head”.

A

myosin, myosin

37
Q

The myosin heads can bind and detach from
the thin actin filament. When bound it creates
________

A

cross-bridges

38
Q

What are the steps of muscular contraction?

A

A. An action potential is transmitted through neurons
B. Once the action potential reaches the end of a neuron, they release neurotransmitters called acetylcholine
C. The neurotransmitters bind to the receptors on the sarcolemma and generate the action potentials
D. The action potential travels down the T-tubules, reaching the sarcoplasmic reticulum
E. The sarcoplasmic reticulum releases calcium
F. Calcium binds to the actin sites
G. Actin opens up, so the myosin can attach to them (cross bridges)
H. Atp is required for the myosin and actin to slide across each, shortening the sarcomere

39
Q

What is calcium’s role in muscle contraction?

A

Calcium binds to the actin, causing a shift
in the complex, opening the sites for
myosin to attach.

40
Q

Which of these muscle types is under voluntary control?

smooth
cardiac
skeletal
All of the above permit voluntary movement.

A

skeletal

41
Q

The attachment point of a muscle to the bone that moves is called the ________.

insertion
origin
antagonistic
synergistic

A

insertion

42
Q

Which of the following attaches muscle to a bone?

synergistic
tetanus
ligaments
tendons

A

tendons

43
Q

Which of these structures is an extension of a muscle cell’s plasma membrane that delivers signals to the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

sarcoplasm
T tubule
myosin head
actin filament

A

T tubule

44
Q

Which of the following are protein filaments that function in muscle contraction and are attached to the Z line?

actin filaments
intermediate filaments
myosin filaments
microtubules

A

actin filaments

45
Q

Which component of a muscle does the calcium ion combine with to allow a contraction to occur?

a structure on the myosin head
a structure on the actin
the sarcolemma
the T tubule

A

a structure on the actin

46
Q

What is the oxygen binding protein that is found only in muscle cells?

gamma globulin
myoglobin
hemoglobin
glutathion

A

myoglobin

47
Q

The protective sheath of a muscle is called:

Myofibrils
Fascicles
Fascia
Sarcolemma

A

Fascia

48
Q

A bundle of myofilaments is called:

Fascicles
Myofibrils
Sarcolemma
Fascia

A

Myofibrils

49
Q

What is the structural and contractile unit of a skeletal muscle called?

Myofilament
Sarcolemma
Sarcomere
Myofibril

A

Sarcomere

50
Q

A bundle of muscle cells are called ____
Muscle cells/muscle fibers are composed of ______
Myofibrils are composed of ______
The two kinds of myofilaments are : ____ and _____

A

Fascicles, Myofibrils, Myofilaments, actin and myosin

Bio Exam 3 (4 decks)

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