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Bio Exam 3 > Chapter 5: Skeletal System > Flashcards

Chapter 5: Skeletal System Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the 3 components that makes up the skeletal system?

A

Bones
Cartilage
Ligaments

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2
Q

Tendons link the ___ and ___ system

A

Skeletal and muscular

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3
Q

What are tendons?

A

connective tissue that join muscle to bone

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4
Q

What are the functions of bone?

A
  1. Supports and gives shape to the body.
  2. Protects soft body parts.
  3. Produce blood cells
  4. Stores minerals (calcium and phosphate)
  5. Stores fat.
  6. Along with the muscles, permits flexible
    body movement.
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5
Q

Bones have different types of tissue, they have ____, _____, ______ and _____ that give flexibility

A

calcified tissue = osseous tissue
blood vessels
nerves
colagen fibers

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6
Q

This combination of _____ and _____ make the bone strong but flexible

A

calcified tissue and collagen fibers

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7
Q

This combination of calcified tissue and collagen fibers make the bone ____ but ______

A

strong, flexible

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8
Q

What are the two layers of bone?

A

Compact and spongy bone

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9
Q

What is compact bone

A

dense mineralized outer layer

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10
Q

Calcified = _____

A

osseous

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11
Q

What is spongy bone?

A

inner layer with open network filled with marrow

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12
Q

What is the epiphysis?

A

rounded end of the typical long bone, composed mainly of red bone marrow
where blood cells are made

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13
Q

What is the diaphysis

A

shaft of the typical long bone, has a cavity filled with yellow marrow where
fat is stored.

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14
Q

The ____ is a shaft of the typical long bone, has a cavity filled with yellow marrow where fat is stored.

A

Diaphysis

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15
Q

The _____ is rounded end of the typical long
bone, composed mainly of red bone marrow
where blood cells are made

A

Epiphysis

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16
Q

What is the Periosteum?

A

fibrous outer covering of the bone, contains nerves, blood vessels,
lymphatic vessels.

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17
Q

The _____ is a fibrous outer covering of the bone, contains nerves, blood vessels,
lymphatic vessels.

A

Periosteum

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18
Q

Which part of the bone (Periosteum, epiphysis, diaphysis) functions in bone repair and growth?

A

Periosteum

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19
Q

A long bone, such as the femur of the leg, consists of a shaft and two heads,
or enlarged ends. _____ bone is located on the outer surface of the bone.
______ bone is found in the heads.

A

Compact, Spongy

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20
Q

The structural unit of compact bones is called an ____

A

osteon

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21
Q

An Osteon Consists of ______, mature bone cells,
arranged in concentric rings around a central
canal

A

Osteocytes

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22
Q

How are osteocytes arranged?

A

arranged in concentric rings around a central

canal

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23
Q

Each osteocyte lies within a ______, a small space within the hard matrix

A

Lacuna

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24
Q

Tiny canals, _____, connect nearby lacunae and the central canal

A

canaliculi

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25
Q

Osteoblasts are :

A

bone forming cells

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26
Q

Osteocytes are:

A

mature bone cells

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27
Q

Osteoclasts are:

A

cells that break down bone

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28
Q

What do osteoblasts secrete?

A

secrete calcified material that surrounds the cells, building bone.

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29
Q

In Osteoblasts calcium is removed from blood and put into bones, which results in _______

A

reduced blood calcium levels

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30
Q

In ________ (osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes) Calcium is removed from blood and put into bones, reducing blood calcium levels

A

Osteoblasts

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31
Q

Osteoclasts are :

A

Bone absorbing cells, break down bone, releasing calcium into the blood.

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32
Q

Osteoclasts ____ calcium into the blood

A

release

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33
Q

_____ are the bone cells on the outer edge of bones.

A

osteoclasts

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34
Q

______ release enzymes that eat away at the
bone, releasing minerals, increasing calcium
levels in blood

A

OSTEOCLASTS

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35
Q

Which increases calcium levels in the blood?
A. Osteoclasts
B. Osteoblasts
C. Osteocytes

A

Osteoclasts

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36
Q 
Immature cells that secrete calcified material (bone 
building cells) are:
1. Osteoclasts
2. Osteocytes
3. Osteoblasts
A

Osteoblasts

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37
Q

Which bone cell reduces blood calcium levels?

  1. Osteoclasts
  2. Osteocytes
  3. Osteoblasts
A

Osteoblasts

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38
Q

Osteoblasts increase/decrease blood calcium
levels:
1. increase
2. decrease

A

decrease

39
Q

The two regions of cartilage remain where on the long bone?

A

each end of the bone

40
Q

The ___ that covers the surfaces that rub

against other bones

A

cap

41
Q

A plate of cartilage called the epiphyseal plate,

or _____

A

Growth plate

42
Q

What are the two regions of cartilage remain at each end

of the long bone?

A

Cap, growth plate

43
Q

The skeleton begins to form in the fetus at about

________

A

6 weeks

44
Q

_______ are removing the bone matrix while _______ are building the matrix up.

A

Osteoclasts, Osteoblasts

45
Q

What is ossification?

A

formation of bones

46
Q

______ directly stimulates growth of the epiphyseal plate and bone growth
during childhood

A

Growth Hormone

47
Q

What is Growth Hormone?

A

directly stimulates growth of the epiphyseal plate and bone growth
during childhood

48
Q

_____ is converted to a hormone causing the

intestines to absorb calcium.

A

Vitamin D

49
Q

Vitamin D is

A

converted to a hormone causing the

intestines to absorb calcium.

50
Q

Thyroid hormones _____

A

ensure that the skeleton

grow with the proper proportions

51
Q

What are sex hormones?

A

adolescents experience a growth spurt due to an increased level of
hormones, but eventually allow for the closing of the growth plate as well.

52
Q

______ produced by the parathyroid gland - accelerates
calcium’s removal from bone, increasing
blood calcium.

A

Parathyroid hormone

53
Q

Calcitonin is:

A

produced by the thyroid gland - a hormone that decreases blood calcium
levels, deposits calcium into the bone.

54
Q

Is calcitonin produced by the parathyroid gland or the thyroid gland?

A

Thyroid gland

55
Q

_________ is maintaining a balance of

calcium levels in blood and in bone.

A

homeostasis

56
Q 
Which hormone ensures that the skeleton grow 
with the proper proportions
1. Growth hormone
2. Calcitonin
3. Parathyroid hormone
4. Vit D
5. Thyroid hormones
A
  1. Thyroid hormones
57
Q 
Which hormone helps you to absorb calcium from 
your digestive system
1. Growth hormone
2. Calcitonin
3. Parathyroid hormone
4. Vit D
5. Thyroid hormones
A
  1. Vit D
58
Q

This hormone increases blood calcium

  1. Growth hormone
  2. Calcitonin
  3. Parathyroid hormone
A
  1. Parathyroid hormone
59
Q

_______ is flexible connective tissue not as

strong as bone tissue.

A

cartilage

60
Q

What is the function of cartilage?

A

cushion joints, flexibility

61
Q

Where is cartilage found?

A

Found at the ends of long bones, nose, ends of
ribs, larynx and trachea, disks between vertebrae
and knee, ear flaps and epiglottis.

62
Q

Cartilage cells are called ______

A

chondrocytes

63
Q

Cartilage lacks ______, so it is _____ to heal

A

blood vessels, slow

64
Q

_______ are connective tissue that connects

bone to bone

A

Ligaments

65
Q

______ are connective tissue that connects

muscle to bone

A

tendons

66
Q

What are synovial joints?

A

Freely movable joints held together by ligaments.

67
Q

The ________ produces synovial fluid, an

excellent lubricant for the joints.

A

Synovial membrane

68
Q

______ are fluid filled sacs, reduce friction

A

Bursae

69
Q

What are Menisci?

A

cartilage between the bones, acts as a

cushion

70
Q

Menisci act as a ____ between bones?

A

cushion

71
Q

The _______ is filled with synovial fluid, which serves as a

shock absorber and lubricant.

A

joint cavity

72
Q

The joint cavity serves as a ___ and ___

A

Shock absorber and lubricant

73
Q

This type of connective tissue connects bone to
bone
1. Ligaments
2. Tendons

A
  1. Ligaments
74
Q

fluid filled sacs are called:

  1. Synovia
  2. Menisci
  3. Bursae
A
  1. Bursae
75
Q

_____ is deterioration of cartilage at joints.

A

osteoarthritis

76
Q

_____ is chronic inflammatory

disorder of the joints.

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

77
Q

____ is when ligaments are torn or stretched

A

Sprain

78
Q

____ is inflammation of bursa

A

Bursitis

79
Q

______ inflammation of tendon sheath

A

Tendonitis

80
Q

____ is a broken bone

A

Fracture

81
Q

_____ is When more bone is reabsorbed
than is formed, causing bones to become weak
and brittle

A

Osteoporosis

82
Q

What is the Hyoid bone?

A

horseshoe-shaped bone underneath the mandible where the tongue
and muscles for swallowing are attached.

83
Q

Which of the following is not a function of the skeletal system?
A. protects internal organs
B. produces blood cells
C. releases stored calcium and phosphorus when the body needs to use them
D. produces muscle cells

A

D. produces muscle cells

84
Q

The ________ bone is the lower jaw in humans.

A. maxillae
B. scapula
C. hyoid
D.mandible

A

D.mandible

85
Q

A condition in which the bone is broken down faster than it is built is known as ________.

A. Rheumatoid Arthritis
B. Osteoarthritis
C. osteoporosis
D. Bursitis

A

C. osteoporosis

86
Q 
Which of the following covers bone and functions in bone repair and growth?
  A. endosteum 
  B. periosteum 
  C. epiphysis 
  D. diaphysis
A

B. periosteum

87
Q 
Which of the following cells form new bone in bone tissue, they are bone building cells?
  A. osteoblasts 
  B. fibroblasts 
  C. osteocytes 
  D. osteons
A

A. osteoblasts

88
Q 
Which hormone causes calcium to be released from bone into the bloodstream, increasing blood calcium levels?
  A. calcitonin 
  B. estrogen 
  D. parathyroid hormone (PTH) 
  E. Boniva
A

D. parathyroid hormone (PTH)

89
Q 
In the osteon, tiny canals connect the central canal to the osteocytes, what are these tiny canals called?
A. caudali 
B. lacuna 
C. canaliculi
D. menisci
E. bursae
A

C. canaliculi

90
Q 
Fluid-filled sacs known as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ function to cushion certain joints, such as the elbow joint.
A. bursae 
B. Synovia
C. canaliculi
D. periosteum
E. Menisci
A

A. bursae

91
Q 
The shoulder blades is the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ bone.
A. sternum
B. clavicle
C. sacrum
D. scapula
A

D. scapula

92
Q 
Which bone is the upper leg bone?
  A. pelvis 
  B. tibia 
  C. femur 
  D. fibula
A

C. femur

93
Q 
The bones that make up the digits of the hands or feet (fingers and toes) are known as the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
  A. metatarsals 
  B. carpals 
  C. tarsals 
  D. phalanges
A

D. phalanges

Bio Exam 3 (4 decks)

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