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Biology > Chapter 6: More Cells > Flashcards

Chapter 6: More Cells Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Absorption

A

The transport of dissolved substances into cells

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2
Q

Digestion

A

The breakdown of absorbed substances

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3
Q

Respiration

A

The breakdown of food molecules with a release of energy

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4
Q

Excretion

A

The removal of soluble waste materials

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5
Q

Egestion

A

The removal of non-soluble waste materials

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6
Q

Secretion

A

The release of biosynthesized substances

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7
Q

Homeostasis

A

Maintaining the status quo

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8
Q

Reproduction

A

Producing more cells

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9
Q

Cytology

A

The study of cells

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10
Q

A cell makes proteins in an organelle that is near the center of the cell. It then transports the proteins to the edge of the cell and sends them into the surroundings to be used by other cells. What three of the basic life functions are employed to accomplish this series of tasks?

A

Biosynthesis, movement, and secretion

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11
Q

A cell takes in a polysaccharide and sends it to an organelle to be digeted. The digestion products are then used to produce energy. The soluble waste products are then eliminated. What 5 of the basic life functions are used in this procedure.

A

Digestion, Respiration, Movement, Excretion, Absorption

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12
Q

Cell wall

A

A rigid structure on the outside of certain cells, usually plat and bacteria cells.

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13
Q

Pectin

A

A carbohydrate that hardens cellulose

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14
Q

Middle lamella

A

The thin wall between the cell walls of adjacent plant cells

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15
Q

Plasma Membrane

A

The semipermeable membrane between the cell contents and either the cell wall or the cells surroundings

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16
Q

Cytoplasm

A

A jellylike fluid inside the cell wall in which the organelles are suspended

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17
Q

Ions

A

Substances in which at least one atom as an imbalance of protons and electrons

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18
Q

Cytoplasmic streaming

A

The motion of cytoplasm in a cell that results in a coordinated movement of the cells contents

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19
Q

Mitochondria

A

The organelles in which nutrients are converted to energy

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20
Q

Lysosome

A

The organelle in animal cells for hydrolysis reactions that break down proteins, polysaccharides, disaccharides, and some lipids

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21
Q

Ribosomes

A

Non-membrane-bounded organelles responsible for protein synthesis

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22
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

An organelle composed of an extensive network of folded membranes that performs several tasks within a cell

23
Q

Rough ER

A

Er that is dotted with ribosomes

24
Q

Smooth ER

A

ER that has no ribosomes

25
Q

Leucoplasts

A

Organelles that store starches or oils

26
Q

Chromoplasts

A

Organelles that contain pigments used in photosynthesis

27
Q

Central Vacuole

A

A large vacuole that rests at the center of most plant cells and is filled with a solution that contains a high concentration of solutes

28
Q

Waste Vacuoles

A

Vacuoles that contain the waste products of digestion

29
Q

Phagocytosis

A

The process by which a cell engulfs foreign substances or other cells

30
Q

Phagocytic vacuole

A

A vacuole that holds the matter which a cell engulfs.

31
Q

Golgi Bodies

A

The organelles where proteins and lipids are stored and then modified t suit the needs of the cell

32
Q

Microtubes

A

Spiral strands of protein molecules that form a tubelike structure

33
Q

Nuclear Membrane

A

A highly-porous membrane that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm

34
Q

Chromatin

A

Clusters of DNA RNA and Proteins in the nucleus of a cell.

35
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

A network of fibers hat hold the cell together, helps the cell keep its shape, and aids in its movement

36
Q

Microfilaments

A

Fine threadlike proteins found in the cells cytoskeleton

37
Q

Intermediate Filaments

A

Threadlike proteins found in the cells cytoskeleton that are roughly twice as thick as microfilaments

38
Q

Which organelle in the cells of a lactose intolerant person does not have to get the job done.

A

lysosomes

39
Q

List differences between animal and plant cells.

A

Animal has but plant doesn’t: Lysosome centrioles, Plant has but animal doesn’t: Cell wall, chromoplasts, leucoplasts, central vacuole.

40
Q

Why can prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes

A

Because it’s not a membrane bound organelle

41
Q

Phospholipid

A

A lipid in which one of the fatty acid molecules has been replaced by a molecule that contains a phosphate group.

42
Q

Passive transport

A

Movement of molecules through the plasma membrane according to the dictates of osmosis and diffusion

43
Q

Active Transport

A

Movement of molecules through the plasma membrane typically opposite to the dictates of osmosis and diffusion

44
Q

Hypertonic solution

A

A solution in which the concentration of solutes is greater than that if the cell that resides in the solution

45
Q

Isotonic solution

A

A solution in which the concentration of solutes is greater than that of the cell which resides in the solution

46
Q

Plasmolysis

A

The collapse of a walled cell’s cytoplasm due to a lack of water

47
Q

Cytolysis

A

the rupturing of a cell due to excess external pressure

48
Q

Hypotonic solution

A

A solution in which the concentration of solutes is less than that of the cell that resides in the solution

49
Q

If the plasma membrane were made out of regular lipids it could never self assemble, why?

A

No hydrophilic end

50
Q

A scientist watches a cell explode, which form was it

A

Hypotonic

51
Q

A cell’s mitochondria ceases to function, and loses all energy, will all transport cease

A

No! Not passive transport.

52
Q

Activation energy

A

Energy necessary to get a chemical reaction going

53
Q

–

A

–

54
Q

What make an aerobic process aerobic

A

Krebs, and Electron transport system

Biology (9 decks)

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