chapter 6 maybe Flashcards
a __ is sandstone containing a lot of feldspar.
marble or arkose?
Arkose
___ is a hard, compact, very fine-grained sedimentary rock composed entirely of silica.
tuff or chert?
chert
_______ is an organic rock formed from the compression and alteration of plant remains such as leaves, twigs, and tree trunks.
coal
_____ is a coarse-grained sedimentary rock formed by the cementation of rounded gravel.
breccia or conglomerate?
conglomerate
Which type of carbonate rock is formed at springs?
jasper or travertine?
travertine
___ are features found within sedimentary rock that formed during or shortly after deposition.
sedimentary structures or bedding planes?
sedimentary structures
In sandstone, a thick bed will often consist of a series of thinner inclined beds called ___.
cross beds or ripple beds?
cross beds
the most common type sedimentary rocks are___.
detrital
sand is mostly composed of ___ grains.
quartz
___ sediments are deposited or precipitated as a result of the actions of organisms.
biochemical
___ is the process by which sediment grains are selected and separated according to grain size by agent of transportation.
sorting or selection?
sorting
the 2 primary types of carbonate sedimentary rocks are ___ and dolostone.
limestone or chert?
limestone
A ___ is a layer of sedimentary rock with a vertical change in particle size, usually from coarse at the bottom to fine at the top.
cross bed or graded bed?
graded bed
___ is a term that describes a series of visible layers in sedimentary rock.
planes or bedding?
bedding
Peat is a brown lightweight unconsolidated deposit that ultimately can transform into __.
shale or coal?
coal
a sedimentary rock that consists of sediment grains bound by cement into a rigid framework is called ___.
clastic or crystalline?
clastic
A(n) __ is a body of rock of considerable thickness that is large enough to be mappable and with characteristics that distinguish it from adjacent rocks.
formation
__ is a sedimentary rock formed by the cementation of coarse angular fragments of rubble.
breccia
__ is the shift to a tighter packing of sediment grains due to the weight of
compaction
sedimentary rock on ___ will enable planetary geologists to one day unravel its history.
the moon, mars, or jupiter?
mars
under what conditions is a sediment considered to be will-sorted?
when the grains are nearly all the same size.
oil and natural gas originate from __ in marine sediments.
organic matter
continental environments include all of the following except…
coral reefs
rock salt is composed of the mineral __.
dolomite, trona or halite?
halite
__ is the general term for the processes that convert loose sediment into sedimentary rock.
lithification or stiffening?
lithification
___ are sedimentary rocks deposited by direct precipitation of minerals from water.
hydro rocks or chemical rocks
chemical rocks
a(n)___ is a body of sediment deposited when a river flows into standing water, like a lake or sea.
delta or sandbar?
delta
carbonate rocks contain the __ ion as a part of their chemical composition.
CaCO3^2- or CO3^2- or they don’t contain any ions.
CO3^2-
___ are massive deposits of limestone.
reefs
__ are polygonal patterns that form in very fine sediment as it dries.
mud cracks.
