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Linux System Admin > Chapter 6 (Managing Processes) > Flashcards

Chapter 6 (Managing Processes) Flashcards

1
Q

—– are messages that can be sent between processes

A

Signals

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2
Q

—– are messages that can be sent between processes

A

Signals

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3
Q

A Linux — is a program that is running on the system. It can be started either from a command line, a graphical desktop, the kernel itself.

A

Process

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4
Q

Every process on Linux is assigned a —- which is a unique number identifying a process with the Linux Kernel.

A

Process ID (PID)

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5
Q

(Process States) The process is executing,though it must wait for it assigned time slices and must pause for a few microseconds between steps in the execution.

A

Running

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6
Q

(Process States) The process is waiting for something to happen that doesn’t depend on the kernel giving it another time slice.

A

Sleeping

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7
Q

(Process States) the process has been halted before it exited normally.

A

Stopped

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8
Q

(PS States) the process has been halted before it exited normally.

A

Stopped

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9
Q

Swap space is also called

A

Virtual memory

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10
Q

—- Occurs when the kernel spends so much time moving processes to and from the swap space that the kernel and the processes bog down and work inefficiently.

A

Thrashing

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11
Q

A Linux — is a program that is running on the system. It can be started either from a command line, a graphical desktop, the kernel itself.

A

Process

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12
Q

Every process on Linux is assigned a —- which is a unique number identifying a process with the Linux Kernel.

A

Process ID (PID)

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13
Q

To create a new process in Linux, a program —-

A

Forks

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14
Q

(PS States) The process is executing,though it must wait for it assigned time slices and must pause for a few microseconds between steps in the execution.

A

Running

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15
Q

(PS States) The process is waiting for something to happen that doesn’t depend on the kernel giving it another time slice.

A

Sleeping

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16
Q

— is a background process that doesnt have any screen output but waits for certain system activity and then acts on it.

A

daemon

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17
Q

(PS States) A — process is a process that is no longer active.

A

Zombie

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18
Q

Swap space is also called

A

Virtual memory

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19
Q

—- Occurs when the kernel spends so much time moving processes to and from the swap space that the kernel and the processes bog down and work inefficiently.

A

Thrashing

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20
Q

(PS Options)Selects all processes that were not started normally from a terminal

A

x

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20
Q

Multiple processes started from a single shell are called —

A

Jobs

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21
Q

You can use the — key combo to suspend a job that the shell is busy running.

A

Ctrl+z

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21
Q

You can use the — key combo to suspend a job that the shell is busy running.

A

Ctrl+z

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22
Q

To place a job in the foreground use the – commmand

A

fg

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22
Q

Use the — command to run the suspended program in the background

A

bg

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22
Q

The – command lists the processes that are currently running on your Linux system.

A

ps

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22
Q

The – command lists the processes that are currently running on your Linux system.

A

ps

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23
Q

To see a list of all the signals, use the kill command with the -l option

A

S kill -l

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23
Q

— is a background process that doesnt have any screen output but waits for certain system activity and then acts on it.

A

daemon

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24
Q

(PS Options) You can use the - option to display the relationship between different processes, showing which processes start other processes.

A

f

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25
Q

(PS Options) Selects all processes on the system

A

-A

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26
Q

(PS Options) Selects all processes running in the current terminal

A

T

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27
Q

— requests that a program close itself, giving the program a chance to clean up its work, close any open files, and so forth, before ending.

A

SIGTERM

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28
Q

(PS Options) Restricts output to running processes (those that are not sleeping)

A

r

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29
Q

If the myeditor program were behaving badly, you could use this command

A

killall -9 myeditor

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30
Q

(PS Options) Selects processes by PID number

A

-p

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31
Q

(PS Options) Selects processes by user name; to use this option, type the user name after the option

A

–user

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32
Q

(PS Options) Selects all processes belonging to users who are members of the group named after the option

A

–group

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33
Q

The — field provides a cumulative measure of the amount of CPU time consumed by a process.

A

Time field

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34
Q

The — is a collection of information about the Linux Kernel that you access as if it were actually data files stored in subdirectories of /proc

A

/proc file system

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35
Q

(Example) To start a script named analyze with a nice level of 5, use this command

A

$ nice -5 analyze

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36
Q

Top is normally started without any options, like this

A

$ top

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37
Q

(Example) if the PID of the analyze script is 1776, this renice command changes the running script’s priority to 10 so that it takes longer to complete

A

renice +10 1776

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38
Q

To see a list of all the signals, use the kill command with the -l option

A

S kill -l

39
Q

Almost all programs respond to the — signal (#15) This signal requests that the program end.

A

SIGTERM

40
Q

Shuts down the indicated process

A

SIGKILL

41
Q

(Interactive Commands in top) Change the number of processes included in the display

A

n or #

42
Q

— requests that a program close itself, giving the program a chance to clean up its work, close any open files, and so forth, before ending.

A

SIGTERM

43
Q

This command sends a signal to all processes started by a given command

A

killall

44
Q

If the myeditor program were behaving badly, you could use this command

A

killall -9 myeditor

45
Q

— determines how much CPU time is granted to the process as the kernel allocates time slices among all processes.

A

Priority

46
Q

Another name for the priority of a process is —

A

nice level

47
Q

The standard nice level is -

A

0

48
Q

The highest nice level, which makes the program run the slowest is –

A

20

49
Q

The root user can lower the nice level of a process to – which gives that process a lot of extra CPU time

A

-20

50
Q

(Example) To start a script named analyze with a nice level of 5, use this command

A

$ nice -5 analyze

51
Q

The — command changes the nice level of a process that is already running. To use the — you must know the PID of the process you want to affect.

A

renice

52
Q

(Example) if the PID of the analyze script is 1776, this renice command changes the running script’s priority to 10 so that it takes longer to complete

A

renice +10 1776

53
Q

(Interactive Commands in top) Update the process list display immediately

A

Spacebar

54
Q

(Interactive Commands in top) Show a help screen with a command or listing

A

h or ?

55
Q

(Interactive Commands in top) Kill a process

A

k

56
Q

(Interactive Commands in top) Change the number of processes included in the display

A

n or #

57
Q

Renice a process

A

r

58
Q

A program called — lets you view system status information on your desktop continuously

A

GKrellM

59
Q

A — contains prewritten functionality that any program can use

A

library

60
Q

— Include library functions in the main program. They require no additional library files on the Linux system. Each copy of an application loads into system memory a duplicate copy of all the library functions it uses

A

Statically linked applications

61
Q

— means that several applications can use a single copy of a library that has been loaded into memory.

A

Shared Libraries

62
Q

(Note) Running multiple applications that are dynamically linked to the same libraries requires less memory than running multiple statically linked applications.

A

/

66
Q

You can use the — command to list all the libraries that a program requires.

A

ldd

67
Q

(Combinations of Process information Fields available from ps)
Shows fields related to controlling jobs in a shell

A

i

68
Q

(Combinations of Process information Fields available from ps)
Shows fields related to signals that each process handles

A

s

69
Q

(Combinations of Process information Fields available from ps)
Shows fields that define how the owner of each process is using system resources

A

u

70
Q

(Combinations of Process information Fields available from ps)
Shows fields detailing how each process is using virtual memory

A

v

71
Q

(Column Heading in ps output)

Process Group ID

A

PGID

72
Q

(Column Heading in ps output)

Session ID

A

SID

73
Q

(Column Heading in ps output)

Controlling Terminal

A

TTY

74
Q

(Column Heading in ps output)

Process group ID of the owner of the terminal running the process

A

tpgid

75
Q

(Column Heading in ps output)

Owner of the process

A

user

76
Q

(Column Heading in ps output)

Time left of a possible timeslice allocated to the process

A

pri

77
Q

(Column Heading in ps output)

Nice level

A

nice

78
Q

(Column Heading in ps output)

Scheduling Policy

A

plcy

79
Q

(Column Heading in ps output)

Real-time priority

A

rpri

80
Q

(Column Heading in ps output)

Number of major faults loading information from a file system.

A

majflt

81
Q

(Column Heading in ps output)

Number of minor faults (with no disk access involved)

A

minflt

82
Q

(Column Heading in ps output)

Size of the text used by the program (in kb)

A

trs

83
Q

(Column Heading in ps output)

Size of the data used by the program (in kb)

A

drs

84
Q

(Column Heading in ps output)

Virtual image size of the process (in kb)

A

size

85
Q

(Column Heading in ps output)

Space used on swap device by this process (in kb)

A

swap

86
Q

(Column Heading in ps output)

Kilobytes of the program resident in memory

A

rss

87
Q

(Column Heading in ps output)

Shared memory size in kb

A

share

88
Q

(Column Heading in ps output)

Number of pages of imformation that are dirty (not yet updated to the hard disk)

A

dt

89
Q

(Column Heading in ps output)

State of the process

A

stat

90
Q

(Column Heading in ps output)

process flags

A

Flags

91
Q

(Column Heading in ps output)

Kernel function at the point where the process is sleeping

A

wchan

92
Q

(Column Heading in ps output)

User ID of the owner of this process

A

uid

93
Q

(Column Heading in ps output)

Weighted percentage of cpu time consumed

A

wpcpu

94
Q

(Column Heading in ps output)

Percentage of cpu used since last update

A

pcpu

95
Q

(Column Heading in ps output)

Percentage of memory used

A

pmem

96
Q

(Column Heading in ps output)

Time that the process was started

A

start

99
Q

— — let you log in at multiple independent text-mode screens

A

Virtual consoles

100
Q

(Note)
Multiple processes can be started from a single shell. Starting a process with a ampersand runs the program in the background.

A

/

101
Q

You can view process information within the /proc file system or using a number of utilities such as – and —

A

Ps and top

102
Q

— opens your crontab in a text editor.

A

Crontab -e

103
Q

Two daemons — and — are started when you boot Linux using standard service scripts in /etc/ex.d/init.d

A

ATF and cond

104
Q

The — command lists all queued at jobs.

A

Atq

105
Q

Use the — command to cancel a command that you have submitted using at.

A

Atrm

106
Q

The — variable defines which shell the crond daemon uses to execute the commands and scripts listed in a file.

A

Shell

107
Q

The — variable defines which user on the Linux system receives a email message about containing the output from all corn jobs defined in the file.

A

Mailto

Linux System Admin (6 decks)

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