Chapter 6 Macronutrients

Question 1

Monosaccharides

Answer 1

The simplest form of carbohydrate

Question 2

Oligosaccharides

Answer 2

Saccharide composed of a small number of monosaccharides

Question 3

Polysaccharides

Answer 3

More than about 10 linked monosaccharides that form a polymer

Question 4

Glucose

Answer 4

A monosaccharide found in foods and blood; the end product of carbohydrate metabolism and major source of energy for humans

Question 5

Fructose

Answer 5

A monosaccharide that is very sweet; possesses a ketone rather than an aldehyde, which distinguishes it from glucose

Question 6

Galactose

Answer 6

A monosaccharide; less soluable and sweet than glucose

Question 7

Amylose

Answer 7

A component of starch characterised by straight chains of glucose units

Question 8

Amylopectin

Answer 8

A component of starch characterised by its highly branched structure and fast digestion

Question 9

Salivary amylase

Answer 9

Enzyme found in saliva that catalyzes the hydrolysis of starch

Question 10

Glycemic index (GI)

Answer 10

Measure of the rate of which an ingested food causes the level of glucose in the blood to rise

Question 11

Glycemic load

Answer 11

Equal to the glycemic index of a food times the number of carbohydrates in the serving

Question 12

Insulin index(ll)

Answer 12

Measure of the rate of which an ingested food causes the level of insulin in the blood to rise

Question 13

Glut family

Answer 13

Group of membrane proteins that transport glucose from the blood into cells

Question 14

Isoforms

Answer 14

Any proteins with the same function and similar amino acid sequence, encoded by different genes

Question 15

Hydrocarbons

Answer 15

Organic compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen

Question 16

Fatty acid

Answer 16

Chain of carbon atoms with a carboxylic acid and aliphatic tail

Question 17

Saturated fatty acids

Answer 17

A fatty acid with no double bonds in the chain

Question 18

Unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 18

Having double bonds between carbons in the fatty acid chain

Question 19

Triglycerides

Answer 19

Compound with three fatty acid molecules and a glycerine back bone; the storage form of fats in humans

Question 20

Glycerol

Answer 20

Sugar alcohol that is the backbone of a triglyceride

Question 21

Pancreatic lipase

Answer 21

Enzyme secreted from the pancreas that hydrolyses fat

Question 22

Chylomicron

Answer 22

A lipoprotein that transports cholesterol and triglyceride from the small intestine to tissues of the body

Question 23

Hydrophilic

Answer 23

Denoting-the property of attracting or associating with water molecules

Question 24

Apolipoproteins

Answer 24

Proteins that assist in the transport and regulation of lipids

Question 25

Lipoprotein lipase

Answer 25

An enzyme found in endothelial cells lining the capillaries; hydrolyses lipids into fatty acids and glycerol

Question 26

Linoleic acid

Answer 26

Unsaturated omega 6 fatty acid considered essential to the human diet

Question 27

Linolenic acid

Answer 27

Unsaturated omega 3 fatty acid considered was essential to the human diet

Question 28

Stearic acid

Answer 28

18 carbon saturated fatty acid

Question 29

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)

Answer 29

An omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, found mainly in fish and Algae; can be formed from ALA

Question 30

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)

Answer 30

An omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, found mainly in fish and Algae

Question 31

Eicosanoids

Answer 31

Signalling molecules of the body that control many systems

Question 32

Omega 6/ Omega 3 fatty acid ratio

Answer 32

Balance of dietary fat intake; critical to overall health

Question 33

Trans Fats

Answer 33

Unsaturatedfat with a transisomer fatty acid; created through hydrogenation

Question 34

Peptides

Answer 34

A molecular chain composed of two or more amino acids linked by a carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another