Chapter 6: Long-Term Memory: Structure Flashcards
(34 cards)
What are the three types of long term memory?
Episodic
Semantic
Procedural
What is Episodic memory?
Memory for specific experiences, like talking with a good friend
What is Semantic memory?
Memory for facts, like course work and state capitals.
What is Procedural memory?
Memory for how to carry out specific tasks like tying shoes, riding bikes, and most anything athletic.
What is long-term memory?
“Archive” of information about past events and knowledge learned stretching from roughly twenty seconds ago to as far back as one can remember. Works closely with working memory.
What is the serial position?
The distinction between short and long-term memory using the serial position curve.
What is the primacy effect?
Better recall of the first items of a list than the middle ones.
What is the recency effect?
Better recall of the last items of a list than the middle ones.
Is memory better for stimuli presented at the start or end of a list?
Start; Memory is better for stimuli presented at the beginning
How does articulatory suppression affect primacy and recency effect?
It eliminates the person’s ability to rehearse the words in their head and blocks them from adding the words to their short-term memory, for as long as they are doing it. This drastically reduces how much will be retained at any part of the list.
What is proactive interference?
Attempting to remember information that overlays itself against previous information for being too close.
How do you avoid proactive interference?
Learn a new subject against previous information that is very different and is thus easier to remember.
What is recognition memory?
Identification of a previously encountered stimulus
What is recall memory?
Information you must recall (e.g. fill in the blank questions)
What does anterograde amnesia do?
Unable to form new Long Term Memory but can retain Short Term Memory
What did Ranganath an D’Esposito show about the hippocampus?
The hippocampus is involved in maintaining novel information in memory during short delays
Are Short-Term and Long-Term Memory separate?
There is substantial evidence for their separation, but they are not as separate as once assumed.
What is associated with episodic memory?
Personal experience, reliving an experience, “self-knowing”
What is associated with semantic memory?
General knowledge, facts, like an encyclopedia, “knowing”
What was one of Tulving’s great contributions to semantic and episodic memory?
He distinguished these two memory types by “self-knowing” and “knowing”
What is semantic dementia?
It’s caused by damage to the temporal lobe where the person has difficulty recalling semantic memories. Sometimes, these can be very specific, like remembering four-legged mammals but not remembering a screwdriver is a tool.
Will acquiring knowledge always be episodic?
No. It may start out as episodic, but eventually “fade” into semantic. For example, putting one’s keys on their bedside table every day.
What is autobiographical memory?
Specific experiences that include semantic and episodic.
*EX: Writing what one did over the summer; how specific one can get about recollection
What is personal semantic memory?
Semantic memories that have personal significance
