Chapter 6: Long Term Memory

Question 1

What is the Free recall task?

Answer 1

present list of items and person has to recall as much as they can

Question 2

what does recall vary with?

Answer 2

serial position

Question 3

what is a serial position curve?

Answer 3

recency due to verbal rehersal

• dump last few items first and apttempt to recall balance
• recency effect smaller with serial recall

Question 4

What did Rundus test?

Answer 4

he tested primacy effect using a serial position curve

• he presented list of 20 words and after the last word was presented he asked his subjects to write down all the words he could remember
• he also presented another list and asked his subjects to repeat the words out loud during 5 sec intervals
• subejcts were not told which words to repeat

Question 5

What brain part needs damage to have trouble with short term memory

Answer 5

K.F patient, damage to parietal lobe

digit span was lower than average recency effect was reduced

Question 6

What was Tulving’s experiment on episodic and semantic memories?

Answer 6

he said they both held different information in LTM

depending on type of experiment associated with each

Question 7

what is mental time travel

Answer 7

the experience of episodic memory is that it involves mental time travel, which is the experience of traveling back in time to reconnect with events that happened in the past

Question 8

what does semantic memory involve?

Answer 8

facts that are tied to the personal experinece like vocab, numbers and concepts

“i.e. at dinner last night we paid 12.30 for the ice cream”

Question 9

According to the multiple trace hypothesis, the hippocampus is involved in retrival of what type of LTM?

Answer 9

retrieval of episodic memories

Question 10

What is the rational analysis of memory? what are two criteria for success?

Answer 10

assumes that memory has evolved to be efficient and effective

• characteristics of memory determined by what memory has to do
  1. find relevant information (recall)
  2. Avoid irrelevant information (precision)

Question 11

What are 3 predictions of rational analysis?

Answer 11

1. recency: recent items are more likely to be relevant and older items are less likely to be retrived
2. frequency –> frequently retrieved items are likely to be useful in the future as well
   - rational to retrieve items that we often relevant in that past
   - repeated retrival sends a trend that memory is likely to follow
3. spacing –> the spacing effect: same number of repiritions produce better recall when spaced then when massed due to change sin context ocver time

Question 12

what are ‘fads’ in retrieval?

Answer 12

items retrived many times over a short span of time, then lie dormant
- items needed at a particular time but not otherwise

Question 13

what is masses repitions and slow by steady retrival?

Answer 13

masses repitions suggest relevants for that time, but less revelant later and slow but steady retrival suggest it may continue to be relevant throughout lifespan

Question 14

what is autobiographical memory?

Answer 14

memory for specificic experimencies from our life which can include both episodic and semantic components

Question 15

What are personal semantic memories

Answer 15

facts associated with personal experiences

Question 16

what is familiarity?

Answer 16

it needs to be associated with SEMANTIC memory because if ur not familiar with the fact then u cant have semenatic memory

Question 17

what is recollection needed for?

Answer 17

needed for episodic memory, because if u have no recollection of the experience then you cant provide details of what happened and awareness of the event

Question 18

what is the remeber/know procedure?

Answer 18

subjects are presented with a stimulus they have seen before and asked to respond:

1) if the stimulus is familiar and they also remember circunstances where it orginally encounterd it
2) know if the timulus seems familiar but dont remember experiencing
3) dont know if they do or dntr emember