Chapter 6: Learning to Think on their Own Flashcards
Information-Processing Approaches
Common Assumptions
Multiple Stores
(look at diagram)
Sensory registers
visual, auditory and haptic
Short-term store
Temporary
Control processes:
Rehersal
Coding
Decisions
Retrieval strategies
—-> response output
Long-term store
Permanent memory store
How short is short term memory?
Information in short term memory endures anywhere from 3 to 30 seconds
Short term memory
Store responsible for maintaining informatio active for the short term
Short term memory and working memory are different
Control processes: rehearsal, coding, decisions, retrieval strategies
Chess Diagram
Familiarity and expertie boots memory performance
Working Memory
The system responsible for the simultaneous storage and processing of information engaging in complex tasks (Baddeley & Hitch, 1974)
Is composed of several components
Necessary for completing daily tasks and is predictive of real world outcomes like school performance and job performance
Baddeley’s Multicomponent Model of WM
First and most popular model of Workin Memory
Working Memory
Central executive: is the attentional piece and is also the most important
Visualspatial sketchpad: anything that you are seeing is processed here
Phonological loop: processes auditory information
Episodic buffer: processes multi sensory information
Long term memory: WM pulls from here and gets channeled up to the central executive
How short is short-term memory?
endures anywhere from 3 to 30 seconds
Chess Diagram
Familiarity and expertise boosts memory performance
Working Memory
-The system responsible for the simultaneous storage and processing of information engaging in complex tasks
-Is composed of several components
-Necessary for completing daily tasks and is predictive of real world outcomes like school performance and job performance
Baddelely’s Multicomponent Model of WM
-First and most popular model of WM
(see diagram)
Central executive
is the attentional piece and is also the most important
Visualspatial sketchpad
anything that you are seeing is processed here
Phonological loop
processes auditory information
Episodic buffer
prossess multi sensory information
Long-term memory
WM pulls from here and gets channeled up to the central executive
Capacity limits of WM
-According to Cowan (2005) working memory Is limited about 3 to 4 pieces of information
-The “egg” shape will be on the midterm but will mention both names
-The yolk of the egg is called the focus of attention and has a limit (3-4) pieces that we can think at a time
-The egg white is the short term memory (activated sensory and categorical features from long-term memory)
-The plate is the long term memory
Development of Working Memory
there are age differences in working memory performance
Phonological loop (auditory)
-Older children can vocalize more information and at a faster rate; this leads to greater verbal storage
-Younger children vocalize less information —> less storage
-Exercise and healthy eating may slow down the cognitive decline
Improving Working Memory
Utilizing Cognitive Training to Improve Working Memory, Attention, and Impulsivity in School-Aged Children with ADHD and SLD
