Chapter 6 Key Terms Flashcards
Explicit memory
Memory that clearly and distinctly expresses (explicates) specific information.
Episodic memory
Memories of events that happen to a person or that take place in the person’s presence.
Semantic memory
General knowledge, as opposed to episodic memory.
Implicit memory
Memory that is suggested (implied) but not plainly expressed, as illustrated in the things that people do but do not state clearly.
Priming
The activation of specific associations in memory, often as a result of repetition and without making a conscious effort to access the memory.
Retrospective memory
Memory of past events, activities, and learning experiences, as shown by explicit (episodic and semantic) and implicit memories.
Prospective memory
Memory to perform an act in the future, as at a certain time or when a certain event occurs.
Encode
Modifies information so that it can be placed in memory; encoding is the first stage of information processing.
Storage
The maintenance of information over time; the second stage of information processing.
Maintenance rehearsal
Mental repetition of information to keep it in memory.
Elaborative rehearsal
The kind of coding in which new information is related to information that is already known.
Retrieval
The location of stored information and its return to consciousness; the third stage of information possessing.
Memory
The processes by which information is encoded, stored, and retrieved.
Sensory memory
The type or stage of memory first encountered by a stimulus; sensory memory holds impressions briefly, but long enough so that series of perceptions are psychologically continuous.
Memory trace
An assumed change in the nervous system that reflects the impression made by a stimulus.
Short-term memory
The type or stage of memory that can hold information for up to a minute or so after a trace of the stimulus decays; also called working memory.
Chunk
A stimulus or group of stimuli that are perceived as a discrete piece of information.
Long-term memory
The type or stage of memory capable of relatively permanent storage.
Repression
In Freud’s psycodynamic theory, the ejection of anxiety-evoking ideas from conscious awareness.
Retroactive interference
The interference of new learning with the ability to retrieve material learned previously.
Proactive interference
The interference by old learning with the ability to retrieve material learned recently.
Dissociative amnesia
Loss of memory of personal information that is thought to stem from psychological conflict or trauma.
Anterograde amnesia
Failure to remember events that occurred after physical trauma because of the effects of trauma.
Retrograde amnesia
Failure to remember events that occurred prior to physical trauma because of the effects of trauma.
Working memory
Another term for short-term memory.
