Chapter 4 Key Terms

Question 1

Consciousness

Answer 1

A concept with many meanings, including sensory awareness of the world outside, direct inner awareness of one’s thoughts and feelings, personal unity, and the waking state.

Question 2

Unconscious

Answer 2

In psycho-dynamic theory, descriptive of ideas and feelings that are not available to awareness; also: without consciousness.

Question 3

Repression

Answer 3

In psycho-dynamic theory, the automatic (unconscious) ejection of anxiety-evoking ideas, impulses, or images from awareness.

Question 4

Suppression

Answer 4

The deliberate, or conscious, placing of certain ideas, impulses, or images out of awareness.

Question 5

Nonconscious

Answer 5

Descriptive of bodily processes, such as growing hair, of which we cannot become conscious; we may “recognize” that our hair is growing, but we cannot directly experience the biological process.

Question 6

Circadian rhythm

Answer 6

A cycle that is connected with the-hour period of earths rotation.

Question 7

Non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep

Answer 7

The first four stages of sleep.

Question 8

Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep

Answer 8

A stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movements, which have been linked to dreaming.

Question 9

Narcolepsy

Answer 9

A “sleep attack” in which person falls asleep suddenly and irresistibly.

Question 10

Sleep apnea

Answer 10

Temporary absence or cessation of breathing while sleeping.

Question 11

Sleep terrors

Answer 11

Frightening, dreamlike experiences that occur during the deepest stage of NREM sleep; nightmares, in contrast, occur in REM sleep.

Question 12

Hypnosis

Answer 12

An altered state of consciousness in which people are highly suggestible and behave as though they are in a trance.

Question 13

Mindfulness meditation (MM)

Answer 13

A form of meditation that provides clients with techniques they can use to focus on the present moment rather that ruminate about problems.

Question 14

Psychoactive substance

Answer 14

Drugs that have psychological effects such as stimulation or distortion of perceptions.

Question 15

Depressant

Answer 15

A drug that lowers the rate of activity of the nervous system.

Question 16

Stimulant

Answer 16

A drug that increases activity of the nervous system.

Question 17

Substance use disorder

Answer 17

A problem characterized by loss of control over usage, social impairment, risky use, and tolerance and withdrawal symptoms

Question 18

Tolerance

Answer 18

Habituation to a drug, with the result that increasingly higher doses of the drug are needed to achieve similar effects

Question 19

Opiates

Answer 19

A group of narcotics derived from the opium poppy that provide a euphoric rush and depress the nervous system.

Question 20

Narcotics

Answer 20

Drugs used to relieve pain and induce sleep; the term is usually reserved for opiates.

Question 21

Opioids

Answer 21

Chemicals that act on opiate receptors but are not derived from the opium poppy.

Question 22

Amphetamines

Answer 22

Stimulants derived from alpha-methyl-beta-phenyl-ethylamine, a colorless liquid consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen.

Question 23

Secondhand smoke

Answer 23

Smoke from the tobacco products and exhalations of other people; also referred to as passive smoking

Question 24

Hallucinogenic

Answer 24

A substance that causes hallucinations.

Question 25

Marijuana

Answer 25

The dried vegetable matter of the Cannabis sativa plant.

Question 26

LSD

Answer 26

Lysergic acid diethylamide, a hallucinogen

Question 27

Flashbacks

Answer 27

Distorted perceptions or hallucinations that occur days or weeks after LSD usage but mimic the LSD experience.