Chapter 4 Key Terms Flashcards
Consciousness
A concept with many meanings, including sensory awareness of the world outside, direct inner awareness of one’s thoughts and feelings, personal unity, and the waking state.
Unconscious
In psycho-dynamic theory, descriptive of ideas and feelings that are not available to awareness; also: without consciousness.
Repression
In psycho-dynamic theory, the automatic (unconscious) ejection of anxiety-evoking ideas, impulses, or images from awareness.
Suppression
The deliberate, or conscious, placing of certain ideas, impulses, or images out of awareness.
Nonconscious
Descriptive of bodily processes, such as growing hair, of which we cannot become conscious; we may “recognize” that our hair is growing, but we cannot directly experience the biological process.
Circadian rhythm
A cycle that is connected with the-hour period of earths rotation.
Non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep
The first four stages of sleep.
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep
A stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movements, which have been linked to dreaming.
Narcolepsy
A “sleep attack” in which person falls asleep suddenly and irresistibly.
Sleep apnea
Temporary absence or cessation of breathing while sleeping.
Sleep terrors
Frightening, dreamlike experiences that occur during the deepest stage of NREM sleep; nightmares, in contrast, occur in REM sleep.
Hypnosis
An altered state of consciousness in which people are highly suggestible and behave as though they are in a trance.
Mindfulness meditation (MM)
A form of meditation that provides clients with techniques they can use to focus on the present moment rather that ruminate about problems.
Psychoactive substance
Drugs that have psychological effects such as stimulation or distortion of perceptions.
Depressant
A drug that lowers the rate of activity of the nervous system.
Stimulant
A drug that increases activity of the nervous system.
Substance use disorder
A problem characterized by loss of control over usage, social impairment, risky use, and tolerance and withdrawal symptoms
Tolerance
Habituation to a drug, with the result that increasingly higher doses of the drug are needed to achieve similar effects
Opiates
A group of narcotics derived from the opium poppy that provide a euphoric rush and depress the nervous system.
Narcotics
Drugs used to relieve pain and induce sleep; the term is usually reserved for opiates.
Opioids
Chemicals that act on opiate receptors but are not derived from the opium poppy.
Amphetamines
Stimulants derived from alpha-methyl-beta-phenyl-ethylamine, a colorless liquid consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen.
Secondhand smoke
Smoke from the tobacco products and exhalations of other people; also referred to as passive smoking
Hallucinogenic
A substance that causes hallucinations.
Marijuana
The dried vegetable matter of the Cannabis sativa plant.
LSD
Lysergic acid diethylamide, a hallucinogen
Flashbacks
Distorted perceptions or hallucinations that occur days or weeks after LSD usage but mimic the LSD experience.
