Chapter 6 - Internet Protocol Flashcards
Network Protocol
A network protocol defines rules for communication between network devices.
Without protocol ?
- We cannot make communication between the computers
- Message cannot be send/receive
- No proper data format
The Internet Protocol (IP)
- IP prepares packet for transmission across the Internet
- IP is designed to control data transmission between two nodes and to ensures that a link has been established between source and destination.
- IP simply transmit the data, it does not care if the packet is delivered correctly. (No error detection)
- The IP header is encapsulated onto a transport data packet.
- The IP packet is then passed to the next layer where further network information is encapsulated onto it.
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
- TCP layer creates a connection between sender and receiver using port numbers.
- It also ensures packets arrive intact and in correct order.
- TCP is a connection oriented protocol.
- TCP can perform end-to-end error correction.
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
• ICMP Used by routers and nodes
- Perform error reporting for the Internet Protocol.
~ ICMP reports errors such as invalid IP address, invalid port address, and the packet hopped too many times.
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
- A transport layer protocol used in place of TCP.
- Where TCP supports a connection-oriented application, UDP is used with connectionless applications.
- UDP also encapsulates a header onto a application packet, but the header is much simpler than TCP.
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
- Even through a destination workstation may have an IP address, a LAN does not use IP addresses to deliver frames.
- ARP translates an IP address into a MAC layer address so the frame can be delivered to the proper workstation.
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
- An IP address can be assigned to a workstation permanently (static management) or dynamically.
- Dynamic IP address assignment is a more efficient use of fixed IP addresses.
- When DHCP client issues an IP request, DHCP server looks in its static table. If no entry exists, the server select an IP address from available pool.
- The address assigned by DHCP server is temporary.
Network Address Translation (NAT)
• NAT lets the router represent the entire local area network to the Internet as a single IP address.
- Thus, all traffic leaving the LAN appears as originating from a global IP addresses.
- All traffic coming into this LAN uses this global IP addresses.
• This security feature allows a LAN to hide all the workstation IP addresses from the Internet.
Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTP)
• Basic Web pages are created with the Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
• Web address • It is a reference to a web resource that specifies its location on a computer network and a mechanism for retrieving it. • All URLs consists of FOUR parts: - Service type - Host or domain name - Directory or subdirectory information - Filename
IP Addressses
- All devices connected to Internet have 32-bit IP addresses associated with them.
- IP address as a logical address (possibly temporary)
- 48-bit address on every NIC is the physical, or permanent address (MAC address).
- Computer, network, and routers use the 32-bit binary address, but a more readable from is the dotted decimal notation.
Electronic Mail (E-Mail)
- E-mail programs can create, send, receive, and store e-mail, as well as reply to, forward, and attach non-text files.
- Early e-mail messages contained text information only and not the rich formats viewed today that include various fonts, pictures, sounds and multimedia.
Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension (MIME)
- It is used to send e-mail attachments. MIME protocol encodes additional information known as mail attachments to e-mail protocols that normally could not transfer attachments such as graphics.
- MIME allows e-mail attachments to be transferred as separates files using SMTP as the transport protocol.
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
- It is part of the TCP/IP protocol suit and is designed to transfer plain text email from an email client to a mail server and from a mail server to a mail server.
- When setting up an email account, the mail server is designated as an SMTP server for sending mail and as POP3 or IMAP server for retrieving email mail.