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Networking 1 > Chapter 3 - Network hardware devices > Flashcards

Chapter 3 - Network hardware devices Flashcards

1
Q

Repeater

A
  • A network device that generates a weak signal to its original strength
  • To boost signals in coaxial cable, twisted pair and fiber optic cable
  • OSI layer 1 physical
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2
Q

Hub

A

• A hub is a central connection where all network cables are connected
• Packet transmitted from one node to all nodes connected to the hub
• OSI layer 1 physical
• Do not interpret data
- Unaware of source and destination addresses
• Reduces excessive data transmission

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3
Q

Switch

A

• filters the network traffic
• create a sub network from a large network
• Provide/extend network capacity with the ability to increase the network bandwidth
• Switch also can decide how to filter and forward LAN traffic
• Uses special hardware components:
- Can read multiple ports simultaneously
- Establish multiple and simultaneous forwarding paths
• Uses MAC address/IP address
• Quicker than routers for internal communication
• OSI layer 2 & 3 data link, Network layer.

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4
Q

Firewall

A
  • It is a network device that is used to help keep a network secure
  • To control the incoming and outgoing by analysing the data packets and determining whether it should be allowed the packets through to the network.
  • OSI :Data link layer, network layer, transport layer and application layer
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5
Q

Attenuation

A

Loss of signal strength

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6
Q

Advantages of Repeater

A
  • Extend the distance of a network

* Does not increase the network traffic

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7
Q

Disadvantages of Repeater

A
  • A network can only include limited number of repeaters

* Create network collision

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8
Q

Advantages of Hub

A
  • Cheap, simple and readily available
  • Easy to deploy and maintain
  • Can connect media operating at different speeds
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9
Q

Disadvantages of Hub

A 
• Introduces network collisions
• Cannot filter information passing through them
	- All packets transmit to all segments
• Wastes bandwidth
• Creates lots of unnecessary traffic
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10
Q

Stand Alone Hub

A 
• Simple type
	- A number of port configurations
• Include:
	- Uplink port
• Designed for:
	- Smaller LANs
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11
Q

Stackable Hubs

A
  • Can be physically connected and stacked (rack system)
  • Allows data signals to pass from hub to hub
  • Built-in management capabilities
  • Flexible solution for LANs that are expected to grow in size
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12
Q

Network Collision

A

• A section of a network where data packets collide with one another
- When being sent on a shared a medium

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13
Q

Bridges

A

• physical + data link layer
• LAN devices that connects two or more LAN segments
- Filtering network data transmissions
• Used to divide the network into smaller segments
- Reduces the chance of collisions
• Can improve overall LAN performance
- Controlling the network traffic
• Can be configured in redundant pairs
- For fault tolerance
• Only one bridge in the pair can be active
- Causes loop otherwise

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14
Q

Advantages of Bridge

A

• Limits network collision
• Extend the network distances
- By boosting the signal
• Can filter packets

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15
Q

Disadvantages of Bridge

A
  • More expensive than a repeater
  • More difficult to configure
  • Creates a more complex network design
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16
Q

Advantages of Switches

A
  • Limit network collision
  • Can segment the network into multiple segments
  • Support intelligent network capabilities
  • Smarter than a Hub
  • Less latency
17
Q

Disadvantages of Switches

A
  • More expensive

* Complex and difficult to configure

18
Q

Switch Implementation

A 
• Encompass:
	- Department-level
	- Workgroup LAN
	 	~ Connectivity
• Distribution layer switches:
	- Interconnect access layer switches
• Core layer switches:
	- Interconnect distribution layer switches
	- Provide access to centralized network services
19
Q

VLAN Switches

A 
• Virtual networks/Virtual LANs:
	- When switches form logical networks from a larger network
• Permits the packets to only flow between designated nodes
• Filter:
	- Network-to-network broadcast traffic
	- Collision traffic from other VLANs
• Provides flexibility
• Available as:
	- Layer 1
	- Layer 2
	- Layer 3
	- Layer 4
	 	~ VLAN switches
20
Q

Routers

A

• A network device that navigate packets access large Network such as the internet using the most efficient route
• Broadcast WiFi signals
• Routers route the data packets across WAN
• OSI layer 3 network
• Connect networks to one another:
- Direct packets to their destinations based on IP addresses
• Establish a path (for network communication)
• Performing network address translation
• Improve network security
- Filtering broadcasts
- Providing access list filtering
• Provide scalability
- Reducing the performance penalty associated with broadcast traffic
• Can be installed at the edge or border of a LAN
• Maintains a routing table
• Hop:
- Connection between routers (between source and destination)
• Broadcasting a WIFI signal (access point)
• Assigning IP address to hosts using DHCP)

21
Q

Advantages of Router

A
  • Limits network collision
  • Connect networks using different media
  • Determine the best path to reach another network
22
Q

Disadvantages of Router

A
  • More expensive than a modem

* Difficult to configure

23
Q

Gateways

A

• Hardware/Software/Combination of both:
- Provides:
~ Protocol translation
~ Connectivity between two systems
• Use different protocols to communicate
• Above OSI layer 3
• Examples:
- Connecting a LAN to a mainframe computer
- Connecting a LAN e-mail system to external e-mail providers
- Connecting a non IP network to the Internet

24
Q

Network Interface card

A

• Also known as:
- Network host adapter
- Network expansion card
- Network adapter card
• Send and receive a digital signal
• Fits into one of the motherboard slots inside a PC:
- Provides a way for the PC to connect to the network media
• A driver must be installed
• Contains:
- Physical ID called MAC (Media Access Code) address
~ Six-byte hexadecimal number

25
Q

Network Backbones

A

• Combination of:
- Hardware
- Media
- Protocols
- Architecture
~ Form the high-speed communications links between two networks
• Network backbone access layer:
- Distribution layer & core layer are combined
- When required for interconnectivity
• Backbone Fault Tolerance and Load Balancing
- Requires the implementation of:
~ Duplicate distribution layer switches
~ Duplicate core layer switches
~ Redundant cabling to establish extra paths

26
Q

Fault Tolerance

A

• Provides the ability to continue transmitting data

- If a backbone device or data path fails

27
Q

Load balancing

A

• Provides the ability to transmit data across multiple paths simultaneously to the same destination

28
Q

Rack Mounted Backbone Hardware

A

• Provides a common location
• Chassis-based Backbone Hardware:
- Provides a metal frame with basic circuitry
- Devices:
~ Blades have different functions
- Provides a common power source and cooling capabilities

29
Q

LAN PROTOCOLS

A

• Define ways in which data can be:
- Packaged
- Access a network medium
- Transported
- Reassembled at the destination
• Rules that specify how services and devices exchange information
- Communication Protocols
~ Allows us to send and receive information from remote data sources
~ Building blocks for information exchange
~ Example: Internet Protocol

30
Q

Internet Protocol

A

• Provides an addressing scheme (unique identification)
- For networks and nodes
• Allows network devices to be located anywhere in the world (to exchange information)

31
Q

IP Addressing

A 
• Common implementation:
	- IPv4
	 	~ Comprised of a 32-bit binary address, divided into four 8-bit octets
• Represented in:
	- Numeric dotted decimal form
	- Binary form
• Uses subnet masking
	- Separates the network portion of the IP address from the node portion
	 	~ 32-bit combination of binary digits
• Similar to a street address
32
Q

Internet Protocol : Class A

A

• Addresses range from 1 to 126 in the first octet
• Default subnet mask:
- 255.0.0.0.
• 1.0.0.1 to 126.255.255.254
• Used for large networks
• Supports 16 million hosts on each of 127 networks

33
Q

Internet Protocol : Class B

A

• Addresses range from 128 to 191 in the first octet
• Default subnet mask:
- 255.255.0.0.
• 128.1.0.1 to 191.255.255.254
• Used for medium networks
• Supports 65000 hosts on each of 16000 networks

34
Q

Internet Protocol : Class C

A

• Address range from 192 to 223 in the first octet
• Default subnet mask:
- 255.255.255.0.
• 192.0.1.1 to 223.255.254.254
• Used for home networks
• Supports 254 hosts on each of 2 million networks

35
Q

Internet Protocol : Class D

A
  • Used for multicasts

* Addresses range from 224 to 239 in the first octet

36
Q

Internet Protocol : Class E

A
  • Used in broadcast transmissions

* First octet ranges from 240 to 255

37
Q

Manual IP Address Assignment

A
  • Static IP address (fixed)

* Requires manual configuration with an IP address

38
Q

Automatic IP Address Assignment

A
  • Achieved with Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

* Configuration takes place on a DHCP server

39
Q

Loopback address

A

• Reserved IP address of the network interface card
• Used to test if:
- An IP address is configured for the NIC
- The network card is functioning normally
- Loop back address:
~ 127.0.01

Networking 1 (8 decks)

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