chapter 6 integumentary system Flashcards
what is the make up of the intergumentary system
the skin and it’s accessory organs
list the functions of the skin
protection, thermoregulation, sensation
whats the structure of the skin
epidermis ( outer layer) dermis (underlying layer) hypodermis (subcutaneous layer)
subcutaneous layer consists of…
areolar and adipose tissues
what is the function of the subcutaneous layer?
binds skin to underlying tissues, not part of the skin, adipose tissue insulates to conserve body heat. contains major blood vessels supplies the skin
the epidermis is made up of…
stratified squamous epithelium, and lacks blood vessels
stratum basale
deepest layer, consists of dividing cells; well nourished by dermal blood vessels
stratum spinosum
helps make skin flexible and strong
stratum granulosum
thin later of cells in the epidermis lying ABOVE the stratum spinosum and BELOW the stratum corneum
stratum corneum
outermost layer; dead flattened keratinized cells; these are continually being shed from the outer skin surface
stratum lucidum
is not found in the epidermis in all regions of the body.
in what regions does the skin contain stratum lucidum ?
palms of the hands and soles of the feet
which is the living, reproducing layer
basal cell layer
what Is the function of keratin?
to provide a waterproof barrier
what is the function of melanin?
protects DNA of skin cells against damaging effects of UV radiation from the sun
what type of cell produces melanin
melanocytes
factors that contribute to skin color
genetics, amount of melanin, environment
what does the dermis consist of
areolar and dense connective tissue, collagen, elastic fibers, nerve fibers, hair follicles, sebaceous glands, sweat glands
why is the boundary between epidermis and dermis uneven
epidermal ridges and dermal papillae
what do nails consist of?
nail plate and nail bed
why are nails harder than epidermal stratum corneum
the cell that forms the nails are smaller, more densely packed and have a greater total thickness than the layer of the stratum corneum
where is hair found
nearly all regions of the skin except the palms, soles, lips, nipples, and portions of external genitalia
define the term hair follicle
epithelial stem cells at the base of a tube-like depression
what is the function of arrestor pili muscles
attaches to each hair follicles; when it contracts in response to cold temperature or emotional upset it grows bumps
