chapter 6 integumentary system

Question 1

what is the make up of the intergumentary system

Answer 1

the skin and it’s accessory organs

Question 2

list the functions of the skin

Answer 2

protection, thermoregulation, sensation

Question 3

whats the structure of the skin

Answer 3

epidermis ( outer layer) dermis (underlying layer) hypodermis (subcutaneous layer)

Question 4

subcutaneous layer consists of…

Answer 4

areolar and adipose tissues

Question 5

what is the function of the subcutaneous layer?

Answer 5

binds skin to underlying tissues, not part of the skin, adipose tissue insulates to conserve body heat. contains major blood vessels supplies the skin

Question 6

the epidermis is made up of…

Answer 6

stratified squamous epithelium, and lacks blood vessels

Question 7

stratum basale

Answer 7

deepest layer, consists of dividing cells; well nourished by dermal blood vessels

Question 8

stratum spinosum

Answer 8

helps make skin flexible and strong

Question 9

stratum granulosum

Answer 9

thin later of cells in the epidermis lying ABOVE the stratum spinosum and BELOW the stratum corneum

Question 10

stratum corneum

Answer 10

outermost layer; dead flattened keratinized cells; these are continually being shed from the outer skin surface

Question 11

stratum lucidum

Answer 11

is not found in the epidermis in all regions of the body.

Question 12

in what regions does the skin contain stratum lucidum ?

Answer 12

palms of the hands and soles of the feet

Question 13

which is the living, reproducing layer

Answer 13

basal cell layer

Question 14

what Is the function of keratin?

Answer 14

to provide a waterproof barrier

Question 15

what is the function of melanin?

Answer 15

protects DNA of skin cells against damaging effects of UV radiation from the sun

Question 16

what type of cell produces melanin

Answer 16

melanocytes

Question 17

factors that contribute to skin color

Answer 17

genetics, amount of melanin, environment

Question 18

what does the dermis consist of

Answer 18

areolar and dense connective tissue, collagen, elastic fibers, nerve fibers, hair follicles, sebaceous glands, sweat glands

Question 19

why is the boundary between epidermis and dermis uneven

Answer 19

epidermal ridges and dermal papillae

Question 20

what do nails consist of?

Answer 20

nail plate and nail bed

Question 21

why are nails harder than epidermal stratum corneum

Answer 21

the cell that forms the nails are smaller, more densely packed and have a greater total thickness than the layer of the stratum corneum

Question 22

where is hair found

Answer 22

nearly all regions of the skin except the palms, soles, lips, nipples, and portions of external genitalia

Question 23

define the term hair follicle

Answer 23

epithelial stem cells at the base of a tube-like depression

Question 24

what is the function of arrestor pili muscles

Answer 24

attaches to each hair follicles; when it contracts in response to cold temperature or emotional upset it grows bumps

Question 25

what determines hair color

Answer 25

genetics, melanin produced by epidermal melanocytes

Question 26

what types of glands sebaceous glands

Answer 26

secrete an oily substances called sebum that waterproof and softens the hair skin

Question 27

what structures are the sebaceous glands associated with

Answer 27

they’re associated with hair follicles

Question 28

what substance does the sebaceous gland secrete

Answer 28

sebum

Question 29

sweat glands are…

Answer 29

eccrine glands that respond to body temperature. found on the back of neck, forehead, secrete onto skin surface

Question 30

apocrine glands respond to….

Answer 30

fear, emotional upset, pain, sexual arousal;

Question 31

ceruminous glands are found…

Answer 31

in the ear canal and secrete ear wax

Question 32

what part of the body plays a large role in temperature regulation?

Answer 32

the skin, hypothalamus controls this

Question 33

active cells such as heart, and skeletal muscles produce…

Answer 33

heat

Question 34

how does the body respond to excessive heat by..

Answer 34

vasodilation of dermal blood vessels

Question 35

body responds ro excessive cooling by

Answer 35

vasoconstriction of dermal blood vessels

Question 36

superficial cuts are filled in by

Answer 36

epitheal cells

Question 37

deeper cuts are closed off by….covered by …..

Answer 37

blood clots, scab

Question 38

deeper cuts are filled in by

Answer 38

fibroblast

Question 39

inflammation in which blood vessels …. and become more

Answer 39

dilate, permeable

Question 40

healing may be accompanied by sound masses called

Answer 40

granulations