bio exam 1

Question 1

anatomy

Answer 1

the study of the structure (morphology) of the body and its parts (form and organization)

Question 2

physiology

Answer 2

study of the functions of these parts and how they work and interact

Question 3

atoms

Answer 3

smallest unit of a chemical

Question 4

molecules

Answer 4

consist of two or more atoms

Question 5

macromolecules

Answer 5

larger particles composed of small molecules bound together

Question 6

cells

Answer 6

are the basic units of structure and function in all living things.

Question 7

tissues

Answer 7

group of cells that functions together

Question 8

organs

Answer 8

group of tissues that perform specialized functions

Question 9

organ systems

Answer 9

group of organs that function together

Question 10

organisms

Answer 10

composed of organ systems functioning together

Question 11

growth

Answer 11

increase in body size and size of number of cells

Question 12

reproduction

Answer 12

production of new organisms or cells

Question 13

responsiveness

Answer 13

reaction to internal or external change

Question 14

movement

Answer 14

change in position of the body or a body part motion of an internal organ

Question 15

metabolism

Answer 15

the sum of all chemical reactions going on in the cells of an organism as it ingest food breaks down and synthesizes chemicals and removes waste

Question 16

respiration

Answer 16

releas of energy from foos by using oxygen and giving off carbon dioxide

Question 17

digestion

Answer 17

breakdown of foos into usable forma which are absorbed into the blood

Question 18

circulation

Answer 18

movement of cells and chemicals in body fluids

Question 19

excretion

Answer 19

removal of metabolic waste from the body

Question 20

requirements to maintain life

Answer 20

water, oxygen, carbon dioxide , heat, pressure

Question 21

external environment

Answer 21

outside world

Question 22

internal environment

Answer 22

fluid around the body cells

Question 23

homeostasis

Answer 23

maintenance of a stable internal environment

Question 24

what are the components of homeostatic mechanisms

Answer 24

receptors, set point, effectors

Question 25

receptors

Answer 25

detect and monitor specific types of changes

Question 26

set point

Answer 26

normal value or range of values

Question 27

effectors

Answer 27

muscles or glands that respond to changes to stabilize internal environment

Question 28

digestive system

Answer 28

brings nutrients to the body

Question 29

respiratory system

Answer 29

brings in oxygen into the body

Question 30

cardiovascular system

Answer 30

distributes oxygen and nutrients to the body cells and transports waste away from them

Question 31

urinary and respiratory systems

Answer 31

removes waste from the body

Question 32

axial portion

Answer 32

head, neck, and trunk cranial cavity-brain, vertebral canal- spinal cord, thoracic cavity- heart lungs mediastinum abdominopelvic cavity- stomach, liver, spleen, gallbladder, kidney, pelvic cavity- end of large intestine, urinary bladder, internal reproductive organs

Question 33

appendicular portion

Answer 33

upper and lower limbs

Question 34

diaphragm

Answer 34

separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

Question 35

oral cavity

Answer 35

mouth area; tongue and teeth

Question 36

nasal cavity

Answer 36

nose, divided into left and right portions by naval septum includes sinuses

Question 37

orbital cavity

Answer 37

eyes along with their nerves and skeletal muscles

Question 38

middle ear cavities

Answer 38

middle ear bone

Question 39

parietal portion

Answer 39

lines the wall of the cavity

Question 40

visceral portion

Answer 40

covers internal organ

Question 41

pleural membrane

Answer 41

lines thoracic cavity

Question 42

pericardial membranes

Answer 42

surrounds heart

Question 43

peritoneal membranes

Answer 43

lines the abdominopelvic cavity

Question 44

integumentary system

Answer 44

hair skin nails, sebaceous glands

Question 45

skeletal system

Answer 45

bones, ligaments, cartilages

Question 46

muscular system

Answer 46

provides body movement and posture and major source of body heat

Question 47

endocrine system

Answer 47

includes hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, pineal, thymus glands, pancreas, ovaries, testes

Question 48

nervous system

Answer 48

brain spinal cord, nerves, and sense organ

Question 49

cardiovascular system

Answer 49

heart, blood vessels, and the blood, distributes oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients and hormones throughout the body while removing waste from the cells

Question 50

lymphatic system

Answer 50

vessels, lymph nodes, thymus, spleen, and lymph

Question 51

digestive system

Answer 51

mouth, teeth, tongue, pharynx, esophagus, stomach intestine, and accessory organ

Question 52

respiratory system

Answer 52

moves air in and out of lungs and exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between blood and air

Question 53

urinary system

Answer 53

kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra

Question 54

male reproductive system

Answer 54

testes, scrotum, epididymides, ductus deferent, seminal vesicles, prostate glands, bulbourethral glands, penis, urethra

Question 55

female reproductive system

Answer 55

ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, clitoris, vulva, egg cells oocytes