bio exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

anatomy

A

the study of the structure (morphology) of the body and its parts (form and organization)

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2
Q

physiology

A

study of the functions of these parts and how they work and interact

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3
Q

atoms

A

smallest unit of a chemical

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4
Q

molecules

A

consist of two or more atoms

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5
Q

macromolecules

A

larger particles composed of small molecules bound together

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6
Q

cells

A

are the basic units of structure and function in all living things.

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7
Q

tissues

A

group of cells that functions together

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8
Q

organs

A

group of tissues that perform specialized functions

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9
Q

organ systems

A

group of organs that function together

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10
Q

organisms

A

composed of organ systems functioning together

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11
Q

growth

A

increase in body size and size of number of cells

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12
Q

reproduction

A

production of new organisms or cells

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13
Q

responsiveness

A

reaction to internal or external change

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14
Q

movement

A

change in position of the body or a body part motion of an internal organ

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15
Q

metabolism

A

the sum of all chemical reactions going on in the cells of an organism as it ingest food breaks down and synthesizes chemicals and removes waste

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16
Q

respiration

A

releas of energy from foos by using oxygen and giving off carbon dioxide

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17
Q

digestion

A

breakdown of foos into usable forma which are absorbed into the blood

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18
Q

circulation

A

movement of cells and chemicals in body fluids

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19
Q

excretion

A

removal of metabolic waste from the body

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20
Q

requirements to maintain life

A

water, oxygen, carbon dioxide , heat, pressure

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21
Q

external environment

A

outside world

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22
Q

internal environment

A

fluid around the body cells

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23
Q

homeostasis

A

maintenance of a stable internal environment

24
Q

what are the components of homeostatic mechanisms

A

receptors, set point, effectors

25
Q

receptors

A

detect and monitor specific types of changes

26
Q

set point

A

normal value or range of values

27
Q

effectors

A

muscles or glands that respond to changes to stabilize internal environment

28
Q

digestive system

A

brings nutrients to the body

29
Q

respiratory system

A

brings in oxygen into the body

30
Q

cardiovascular system

A

distributes oxygen and nutrients to the body cells and transports waste away from them

31
Q

urinary and respiratory systems

A

removes waste from the body

32
Q

axial portion

A

head, neck, and trunk
cranial cavity-brain, vertebral canal- spinal cord, thoracic cavity- heart lungs mediastinum abdominopelvic cavity- stomach, liver, spleen, gallbladder, kidney,
pelvic cavity- end of large intestine, urinary bladder, internal reproductive organs

33
Q

appendicular portion

A

upper and lower limbs

34
Q

diaphragm

A

separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

35
Q

oral cavity

A

mouth area; tongue and teeth

36
Q

nasal cavity

A

nose, divided into left and right portions by naval septum includes sinuses

37
Q

orbital cavity

A

eyes along with their nerves and skeletal muscles

38
Q

middle ear cavities

A

middle ear bone

39
Q

parietal portion

A

lines the wall of the cavity

40
Q

visceral portion

A

covers internal organ

41
Q

pleural membrane

A

lines thoracic cavity

42
Q

pericardial membranes

A

surrounds heart

43
Q

peritoneal membranes

A

lines the abdominopelvic cavity

44
Q

integumentary system

A

hair skin nails, sebaceous glands

45
Q

skeletal system

A

bones, ligaments, cartilages

46
Q

muscular system

A

provides body movement and posture and major source of body heat

47
Q

endocrine system

A

includes hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, pineal, thymus glands, pancreas, ovaries, testes

48
Q

nervous system

A

brain spinal cord, nerves, and sense organ

49
Q

cardiovascular system

A

heart, blood vessels, and the blood, distributes oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients and hormones throughout the body while removing waste from the cells

50
Q

lymphatic system

A

vessels, lymph nodes, thymus, spleen, and lymph

51
Q

digestive system

A

mouth, teeth, tongue, pharynx, esophagus, stomach intestine, and accessory organ

52
Q

respiratory system

A

moves air in and out of lungs and exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between blood and air

53
Q

urinary system

A

kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra

54
Q

male reproductive system

A

testes, scrotum, epididymides, ductus deferent, seminal vesicles, prostate glands, bulbourethral glands, penis, urethra

55
Q

female reproductive system

A

ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, clitoris, vulva, egg cells oocytes

56
Q
A