Chapter 6 - Integumentary diseases Flashcards
Seborrheic dermatitis
(1) Description
(2) S&S
(3) Etiology
(4) Treatment
(1) Inflammatory condition of the sebaceous glands
(2) Increased sebum; symptoms concentrated in areas with many sebaceous glands (scalp, eyebrows, eyelids, sides of the nose, behind the ear etc), redness, yellow and greasy scales, and mild itching may be present
(3) Idiopathic; however, hereditary factors and emotional stress may be causative factors
(4) Topical steroids and certain shampoos for dandruff
Contact dermatitis
(1) Description
(2) S&S
(3) Etiology
(4) Treatment
(1) Acute inflammation of skin in response to an allergen, irritant, or chemical
(2) Erythema, edema, and vesicles that may ooze, itch, burn, or sting
(3) Contact with certain irritants, allergens, or chemicals such as poison ivy or latex
(4) Thorough cleaning after contact. Topical steroids may be used. A 6-12 day course of oral steroids may also be prescribed
Atopic dermatitis (Eczema)
(1) Description
(2) S&S
(3) Etiology
(4) Treatment
(1) Chronic inflammation of the skin
(2) Rash with vesicular and exudative eruptions in children; rash with dry, leather vesicles in adults. Occurs in a distinctive pattern on the face, neck, knees, elbows, and upper trunk. Pruritus may occur
(3) Idiopathic, though it follows a familial pattern which suggests genetics play a role
(4) Topical corticosteroids and other medications for symptom management. Avoid identified triggers
Urticaria
(1) Description
(2) S&S
(3) Etiology
(4) Treatment
(1) Severe itching followed by area of redness and swelling. (commonly known as hives)
(2) Pruritus. Can also occur on any mucus membrane. If gastrointestinal, patient may complain of abdominal colic. If pharyngeal, airway obstruction may occur
(3) Acute hypersensitivity to an allergen such as peanuts or bee venom
(4) Epinephrine if severe/life-threatening. Antihistamines otherwise
Psoriasis
(1) Description
(2) S&S
(3) Etiology
(4) Treatment
(1) Chronic skin condition characterized by flakey red patches
(2) Recurrent areas of red patches with silver, flakey scales. These may progress into hard plaques and possibly pustules. Commonly occurs on scalp, outer arms and legs, elbows, knees, and can occur in an area following physical trauma
(3) Unknown, though genetics are suspected
(4) UV light therapy and certain medications
Rosacea
(1) Description
(2) S&S
(3) Etiology
(4) Treatment
(1) Chronic inflammation of the skin characterized by redness
(2) Has an insidious onset (often mistaken for sunburn or acne in early stages). Redness, dryness, and inflammation of pimples. Blood vessels enlarge and become visible through skin. Lumps on the nose. Ocular rosacea entails bloodshot-looking eyes, gritty feeling in eyes, and eyelashes falling out
(3) Unknown etiology though suspected to be connected to function that causes one to blush
(4) Certain medications and avoidance of blushing
Acne vulgaris
(1) Description
(2) S&S
(3) Etiology
(4) Treatment
(1) Inflammatory disease of sebaceous glands of hair follicles
(2) Papules, pustules, and comedones. Can lead to eventual scarring
(3) Unknown; though linked to hormonal changes in adolescence that affect sebaceous glands. Hereditary factors play a role
(4) Does not need treatment in most cases, however, topical antibiotics, vitamin A-containing medications, and other medications may be used
Herpes Zoster (Shingles)
(1) Description
(2) S&S
(3) Etiology
(4) Treatment
(1) Acute inflammatory dermatomal (peripheral nerve) eruption with painful vesicles
(2) Occurs in band like patterns along affected dermatomes; unilateral and does not cross midline of body. Begins with burning or itching and is followed by lesions. Rash developed into vesicles, area becomes red and blistered. Lasts 10 days to 5 weeks
(3) Varicella-zoster virus. It causes chickenpox and then lies dormant in the dorsal root ganglia then becomes active again causing shingles
(4) For patient comfort. Analgesics, tranquilizers/sedatives, steroids, antiviral agents
Impetigo
(1) Description
(2) S&S
(3) Etiology
(4) Treatment
(1) Contagious superficial skin infection
(2) Lesions (honey-colored crust) on skin. Scratching due to pruritus may cause it to spread to adjacent tissue and/or develop into ulcerations
(3) Streptococcus or staphylococcus aureus
(4) Antibiotics and cleaning of the lesions
Furuncles and carbuncles
(1) Description
(2) S&S
(3) Etiology
(4) Treatment
(1) Pus-containing abscess that involves entire hair follicle and adjacent tissue. A carbuncle is a large furuncle or many adjoining furuncles
(2) Red, swollen, painful. May either burst or drain internally after several days
(3) Staphylococcus bacteria. Poor resistance to infection, which could be due to another condition or not, and poor hygiene may be contributing factors
(4) Hot compress. Surgical incision and drainage may be necessary in some cases
Cellulitis
(1) Description
(2) S&S
(3) Etiology
(4) Treatment
(1) Acute, diffuse, bacterial infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue
(2) Erythema, pitting edema, skin becomes hot and tender, area of infection spreads
(3) Streptococcus or staphylococcus that enters the skin through a small lesion
(4) Immobilization and elevation; cool Epsom salt compresses for comfort and warm compresses for better circulation; antibiotics and pain meds
Dermatophytosis
(1) Description
(2) S&S
(3) Etiology
(4) Treatment
(1) Chronic superficial fungal infection of the skin. Tinea capitis - scalp; tinea corporis - body; tinea unguium - nails; tinea pedis -foot; tinea cruris - groin
(2) Capitis and corporis have round, ringed, scaled lesions. Unguium causes nails to be thick and brittle. Pedis entails intense burning/stinging pruritus and skin fissures. Cruris has raised, red, pruritic vesicular patches with well-defined borders
(3) Caused by several species of fungi.
(4) Antifungal meds, wear clean/dry/loose clothes, limit perspiration
Decubitus ulcer
(1) Description
(2) S&S
(3) Etiology
(4) Treatment
(1) Commonly called pressure ulcer; localized area of dead skin that can be as deep as subcutaneous layer
(2) Shiny, reddened skin occurring over bony prominence in immobilized individuals. Blisters, erosions, necrosis, ulceration, and if infected, foul smell, purulent discharge, possibly pain
(3) Impairment of blood supply to affected skin
(4) Some topical treatments including gelatin sponges and granulated sugar
Seborrheic Keratosis
(1) Description
(2) S&S
(3) Etiology
(4) Treatment
(1) Benign skin growth
(2) Usually painless, black, brown, or yellow. Flat plaque that has rough texture
(3) Unknown
(4) Cryosurgery
Dermatofibroma
(1) Description
(2) S&S
(3) Etiology
(4) Treatment
(1) Benign skin growth
(2) Hard growths that are slightly raised and pinkish brown. Asymptomatic
(3) Thought to be a fibrous reaction to viral infection, can also form after trauma or insect bite
(4) Surgery
