Chapter 6: Human Energy Transfer During Exercise Flashcards
What are the (3) Main Energy Systems and what processes do they correspond to?
- Immediate Energy (ATP-PCr)
- Short-term Energy (Lactic Acid System)
- Long-term Energy (Aerobic System)
Which system is used during short duration and high intensity activities?
-ATP-PCr (Immediate Energy)
What regulates the rate of phosphagen breakdown?
-Creatine Kinase
(Lactic Acid System)
During intense exercise, intramuscular stored glycogen provides energy to phosphorylate ADP during ________, forming lactate
-Glycogenolysis
Name performances of short duration and high intensity that require rapid energy transfer that exceeds that supplied by phosphagens.
- 400m Sprint
- 100m swim
- Multi-sprint sports
The Blood Lactate Threshold is also referred to as:
-OBLA (Onset of Blood Lactate Accumulation)
_________: When blood lactate begins to increase exponentially.
-Blood Lactate Threshold (aka OBLA)
What type of muscle is the sire of lactate production and is also the primary tissue for lactate removal via oxidation?
-Skeletal Muscle.
What organ in the body accepts muscle-generated lactate from the bloodstream and synthesizes it to glucose?
-Liver
______________: provide for the greatest portion of energy
transfer, particularly when exercise duration exceeds 2 to 3 minutes
-Aerobic metabolic reactions
The flat portion or plateau of the oxygen uptake curve represents the steady rate of:
-Aerobic Metabolism
_____: indicates an individual’s capacity to aerobically resynthese
ATP.
-VO2max
What is VO2max?
The maximum capacity of O2 utilization–from lungs to muscles.
What are the two main types of muscle fibers?
- Fast-twitch (type II) muscle fibers.
2. Slow-twitch (type I) muscle fibers.
Which type of muscle fiber posses rapid contraction speed and high capacity for glycolytic, anaerobic ATP production?
-Type II (Fast-twitch)
Which type of muscle fibers generate energy primarily aerobically?
-Type I (Slow-twitch)
Which type of muscle fiber is used during change-of-pace and stop-and-go activities, increased force output, or during all-out effort requiring rapid, powerful movements?
-Type II (Fast-twitch)
Which type of muscle fibers possess relatively slow contraction speeds?
-Type I (Slow-twitch)
Which type of muscle fibers are used during continuous activities?
-Type I (Slow-twitch)
_______ and _______ determine the energy system and metabolic
mixture that predominate during exercise.
-Intensity; Duration
The _______ ___________ predominates in low-intensity exercise, with fat
serving as the primary fuel source.
-Aerobic System
*The liver increases release of glucose to muscle as exercise
progresses from low to high intensity
**This is advantageous because carbohydrate has an energy
transfer capacity two times more rapid when compared with
fat and protein fuels
Recovery oxygen intake is also referred to as:
-Excess Post-Exercise Oxygen Consumption (EPOC)
______ now defines the excess oxygen uptake above the resting level in recovery, which refers to the total oxygen consumed after exercise
in excess of a pre-exercise baseline level.
-EPOC
List factors that affect EPOC.
- Resynthesis of ATP and PCr
- Resynthesis of blood lactate to glycogen
- Oxidation of blood lactate in energy metabolism
- Restoration of oxygen to blood, tissue fluids, and myoglobin
- Thermogenic effects of elevated core temperature
• Thermogenic effects of hormones, particularly the catecholamines
epinephrine and norepinephrine
• Increased pulmonary and circulatory dynamics and other elevated
levels of physiologic function
EPOC fundamentals consist of:
-Fast Component & Slow Component
________: In low-intensity, primarily aerobic exercise, about half of the total EPOC occurs place within 30 seconds; complete recovery requires several minutes.
-Fast Component
__________: A second slower phase occurs in recovery from
more strenuous exercise that, depending on exercise intensity and duration, may require 24 hours or more before re-establishing the pre-exercise oxygen uptake.
-Slow Component
