Chapter 6: Human Energy Transfer During Exercise

Question 1

What are the (3) Main Energy Systems and what processes do they correspond to?

Answer 1

1. Immediate Energy (ATP-PCr)
2. Short-term Energy (Lactic Acid System)
3. Long-term Energy (Aerobic System)

Question 2

Which system is used during short duration and high intensity activities?

Answer 2

-ATP-PCr (Immediate Energy)

Question 3

What regulates the rate of phosphagen breakdown?

Answer 3

-Creatine Kinase

Question 4

(Lactic Acid System)
During intense exercise, intramuscular stored glycogen provides energy to phosphorylate ADP during ________, forming lactate

Answer 4

-Glycogenolysis

Question 5

Name performances of short duration and high intensity that require rapid energy transfer that exceeds that supplied by phosphagens.

Answer 5

• 400m Sprint
• 100m swim
• Multi-sprint sports

Question 6

The Blood Lactate Threshold is also referred to as:

Answer 6

-OBLA (Onset of Blood Lactate Accumulation)

Question 7

_________: When blood lactate begins to increase exponentially.

Answer 7

-Blood Lactate Threshold (aka OBLA)

Question 8

What type of muscle is the sire of lactate production and is also the primary tissue for lactate removal via oxidation?

Answer 8

-Skeletal Muscle.

Question 9

What organ in the body accepts muscle-generated lactate from the bloodstream and synthesizes it to glucose?

Answer 9

-Liver

Question 10

______________: provide for the greatest portion of energy

transfer, particularly when exercise duration exceeds 2 to 3 minutes

Answer 10

-Aerobic metabolic reactions

Question 11

The flat portion or plateau of the oxygen uptake curve represents the steady rate of:

Answer 11

-Aerobic Metabolism

Question 12

_____: indicates an individual’s capacity to aerobically resynthese
ATP.

Answer 12

-VO2max

Question 13

What is VO2max?

Answer 13

The maximum capacity of O2 utilization–from lungs to muscles.

Question 14

What are the two main types of muscle fibers?

Answer 14

1. Fast-twitch (type II) muscle fibers.

2. Slow-twitch (type I) muscle fibers.

Question 15

Which type of muscle fiber posses rapid contraction speed and high capacity for glycolytic, anaerobic ATP production?

Answer 15

-Type II (Fast-twitch)

Question 16

Which type of muscle fibers generate energy primarily aerobically?

Answer 16

-Type I (Slow-twitch)

Question 17

Which type of muscle fiber is used during change-of-pace and stop-and-go activities, increased force output, or during all-out effort requiring rapid, powerful movements?

Answer 17

-Type II (Fast-twitch)

Question 18

Which type of muscle fibers possess relatively slow contraction speeds?

Answer 18

-Type I (Slow-twitch)

Question 19

Which type of muscle fibers are used during continuous activities?

Answer 19

-Type I (Slow-twitch)

Question 20

_______ and _______ determine the energy system and metabolic
mixture that predominate during exercise.

Answer 20

-Intensity; Duration

Question 21

The _______ ___________ predominates in low-intensity exercise, with fat
serving as the primary fuel source.

Answer 21

-Aerobic System

*The liver increases release of glucose to muscle as exercise
progresses from low to high intensity
**This is advantageous because carbohydrate has an energy
transfer capacity two times more rapid when compared with
fat and protein fuels

Question 22

Recovery oxygen intake is also referred to as:

Answer 22

-Excess Post-Exercise Oxygen Consumption (EPOC)

Question 23

______ now defines the excess oxygen uptake above the resting level in recovery, which refers to the total oxygen consumed after exercise
in excess of a pre-exercise baseline level.

Answer 23

-EPOC

Question 24

List factors that affect EPOC.

Answer 24

• Resynthesis of ATP and PCr
• Resynthesis of blood lactate to glycogen
• Oxidation of blood lactate in energy metabolism
• Restoration of oxygen to blood, tissue fluids, and myoglobin
• Thermogenic effects of elevated core temperature

• Thermogenic effects of hormones, particularly the catecholamines
epinephrine and norepinephrine

• Increased pulmonary and circulatory dynamics and other elevated
levels of physiologic function

Question 25

EPOC fundamentals consist of:

Answer 25

-Fast Component & Slow Component

Question 26

________: In low-intensity, primarily aerobic exercise, about half of the total EPOC occurs place within 30 seconds; complete recovery requires several minutes.

Answer 26

-Fast Component

Question 27

__________: A second slower phase occurs in recovery from
more strenuous exercise that, depending on exercise intensity and duration, may require 24 hours or more before re-establishing the pre-exercise oxygen uptake.

Answer 27

-Slow Component