Chapter 6 - Groups And Organization Flashcards
Aggregate
A collection of people who exist in the same place at the same time, but don’t interact or share a sense of identity.
Authoritarian Leader
A leader who issues orders and assigns tasks.
Beareaucracies
Formal organizations characterized by a hierarchy of authority, a clear division of labor, explicit rules, and impersonality.
Category
People who share similar characteristics but who are not connected in any way.
Clear Division of Labor
The fact that each individual in a bureaucracy has a specialized task to perform.
Coercive Organizations
Organizations that people do not voluntarily join, such as prison or a mental hospital.
Conformity
The extent to which an individual complies with group or societal norms.
Democratic Leader
A leader who encourages group participation and consensus-building before moving into action.
Dyad
A two-member group.
Explicit Rules
The types of rules in a bureaucracy; rules that are outlined, recorded, and standardized.
Expressive Function
A group function that serves an emotional need.
Expressive Leader
A leader who is concerned with process and with ensuring everyone’s emotional wellbeing.
Formal Organizations
Large, impersonal organizations
Group
Any collection of at least two people who interact with some frequency and who share some sense of aligned identity.
Hierarchy of Authority
A clear chain of command found in a bureaucracy.
Impersonality
The removal of personal feelings from a profession situation.
In-Group
A group a person belongs to and feels is an integral part of his identity.
Instrumental Function
Being oriented toward a task or goal
Instrumental Leader
A leader who is goal oriented with a primary focus on accomplishing tasks.
Iron Rule of Oligarchy
The theory that an organization is ruled by a few elites rather than through collaboration.
Laissez-faire Leader
A hands-off leader who allows members of the group to make their own decisions.
Leadership Function
The main focus or goal of a leader.
Leadership Style
The style a leader uses to achieve goals or elicit action from group members.
McDonaldization of Society
The increase presence of the fast food business model in common social institutions.
Meritocracy
A bureaucracy where membership and advancement is based on merit — proven and documented skills.
Normative or Voluntary Organizations
Organizations that people tend to pursue shared interests or because they provide some intangible rewards.
Out-Group
A group that an individual is not a member of, and may even compete with.
Primary Group
Small, informal groups of people who are closest to us.
Reference Groups
Groups to which an individual compares herself.
Secondary Groups
Larger and more impersonal groups that are task-focused and time limited.
Total Instituion
An organization in which participants live a controlled lifestyle and in which total resocialization occurs
Triad
A three-member group.
Utilitarian Organizations
Organizations that are joined to fill a specific material need.
